1
00:04:39,947 --> 00:04:41,420
Come on!
2
00:04:45,507 --> 00:04:46,500
Good pass.
3
00:04:47,993 --> 00:04:48,840
Come on!
4
00:04:49,527 --> 00:04:50,641
-Come on.
-Now.
5
00:04:50,725 --> 00:04:51,660
-Go, go, go.
-Coming in!
6
00:04:51,744 --> 00:04:52,720
Come on.
7
00:04:52,804 --> 00:04:54,260
Oh, girl.
8
00:04:56,833 --> 00:04:58,020
Good pass.
9
00:05:02,573 --> 00:05:04,900
Almost, Angélica.
10
00:05:24,940 --> 00:05:28,440
POLICE
11
00:05:55,933 --> 00:06:00,760
We are gathered in this trial
that the Province of Tucumán carries
12
00:06:00,844 --> 00:06:03,413
against Luis Humberto Gómez,
13
00:06:03,497 --> 00:06:06,880
Eduardo José del Milagro Valdivieso Sassi,
14
00:06:06,964 --> 00:06:09,113
and Darío Luis Amín,
15
00:06:09,197 --> 00:06:14,160
for aggravated attempted homicide
in real concurrence
16
00:06:14,244 --> 00:06:18,040
and illegal possession of firearms.
17
00:06:19,340 --> 00:06:22,720
Mr. Luis Humberto Gómez,
please come forward.
18
00:06:22,804 --> 00:06:24,460
They are bringing you a chair.
19
00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:30,760
-Do you have any children?
-I do, three.
20
00:06:30,844 --> 00:06:32,033
How old are they?
21
00:06:32,117 --> 00:06:33,760
They are of legal age.
22
00:06:35,040 --> 00:06:37,600
Any addictions?
23
00:06:37,684 --> 00:06:38,845
None.
24
00:06:38,929 --> 00:06:41,914
-Do you drink?
-No cigarettes, no alcohol, no drugs.
25
00:06:41,998 --> 00:06:44,194
-Any other pending cases?
-None.
26
00:06:44,278 --> 00:06:45,774
-Any convictions?
-None.
27
00:06:45,858 --> 00:06:47,800
-No pending cases?
-None.
28
00:06:47,884 --> 00:06:49,240
Very well.
29
00:06:49,820 --> 00:06:51,760
Darío Luis Amín.
30
00:06:51,844 --> 00:06:53,033
How old are you, sir?
31
00:06:53,117 --> 00:06:54,500
I'm forty-five.
32
00:06:55,680 --> 00:06:57,226
What do you do?
33
00:06:57,310 --> 00:06:59,681
I work for the Honorable Legislature.
34
00:06:59,765 --> 00:07:00,860
Where?
35
00:07:01,360 --> 00:07:03,100
Historical Heritage.
36
00:07:03,960 --> 00:07:06,780
Eduardo José del Milagro Valdivieso Sassi.
37
00:07:07,507 --> 00:07:08,800
What do you do?
38
00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:12,546
I am a retired police officer
and a farmer.
39
00:07:12,630 --> 00:07:15,747
-Any pending criminal cases?
-No pending cases.
40
00:07:15,831 --> 00:07:17,553
Any previous convictions?
41
00:07:17,637 --> 00:07:18,480
None.
42
00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:24,014
It might be appropriate
43
00:07:24,098 --> 00:07:27,240
that I now clarify
what the long-standing relationship is
44
00:07:27,324 --> 00:07:32,160
that I have
with the two co-defendants in the case.
45
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:38,260
Valdivieso and I worked together
in the police force.
46
00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:41,561
Well, many here have a friend
who always tags along.
47
00:07:41,645 --> 00:07:43,786
For me, that's him.
48
00:07:43,870 --> 00:07:46,754
Wherever I went, he would come.
49
00:07:46,838 --> 00:07:48,100
So, I invited him.
50
00:07:49,887 --> 00:07:52,900
I met Darío Amín about 20 years ago.
51
00:07:53,420 --> 00:07:59,220
We then developed a relationship
that went beyond the personal.
52
00:07:59,773 --> 00:08:04,240
It consisted in contributing
a certain amount of capital,
53
00:08:04,324 --> 00:08:07,700
to carry out a mining venture
that we were developing.
54
00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:10,840
That day we had a camera
55
00:08:10,924 --> 00:08:14,260
because we had to take pictures
of what we needed to do…
56
00:08:16,126 --> 00:08:20,960
to start a mining path,
and what materials we…
57
00:08:21,044 --> 00:08:23,920
To see whether we needed a bulldozer
or any other thing
58
00:08:24,004 --> 00:08:27,000
to start the path again
since many years had passed.
59
00:08:27,626 --> 00:08:29,081
They started taking pictures.
60
00:08:29,165 --> 00:08:32,800
I asked who these people were.
I was told they were locals.
61
00:08:32,884 --> 00:08:34,640
They took photos of us.
62
00:08:34,724 --> 00:08:38,140
I asked why they were photographing
the license plate and whatnot.
63
00:08:38,640 --> 00:08:40,160
And they said
64
00:08:40,244 --> 00:08:44,240
that they were Indigenous, allegedly,
and wanted to take over
65
00:08:44,324 --> 00:08:46,921
a property
that supposedly belonged to Amín.
66
00:08:47,005 --> 00:08:50,673
I backed away, avoided the conflict,
67
00:08:50,757 --> 00:08:53,893
went down with Darío,
and that's when they surrounded us,
68
00:08:53,977 --> 00:08:56,013
attack us, I was clearly attacked.
69
00:08:56,097 --> 00:08:58,400
I felt like death was there.
70
00:08:59,700 --> 00:09:03,960
They were never aware of the fact
that I have a mother and two kids.
71
00:09:04,044 --> 00:09:06,280
They publicly called me "the murderer."
72
00:09:06,364 --> 00:09:08,240
And they labeled me as "the murderer."
73
00:09:08,324 --> 00:09:10,293
They labeled me as "the murderer."
74
00:09:10,377 --> 00:09:12,593
And I was not on trial yet.
75
00:09:12,677 --> 00:09:14,273
And I'm not a murderer either!
76
00:09:14,357 --> 00:09:15,980
I was home.
77
00:09:16,800 --> 00:09:19,099
I am no criminal. I am a family man.
78
00:09:19,183 --> 00:09:22,020
I'm a farmer,
my kids attend a religious school.
79
00:09:22,680 --> 00:09:24,480
It's not as the prosecutor said.
80
00:09:24,564 --> 00:09:27,280
I'm not a crook,
nor a paramilitary task force member.
81
00:09:27,364 --> 00:09:28,940
I have nothing to do with that.
82
00:09:29,024 --> 00:09:30,047
I have honorable friends,
83
00:09:30,131 --> 00:09:32,700
I cannot be accused like this.
84
00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:36,401
The prosecutor inquires why we were armed.
85
00:09:36,485 --> 00:09:39,740
I would ask instead:
"Who prohibits that I carry a gun?"
86
00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:44,280
Us police officers
do not lose our status as officers.
87
00:09:44,364 --> 00:09:48,280
I am proud to be a retired police officer.
88
00:09:48,364 --> 00:09:52,580
Thank God I had a gun,
or I wouldn't be here to explain.
89
00:10:22,326 --> 00:10:23,700
It's recording now.
90
00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:26,300
Hold it for me.
91
00:10:36,560 --> 00:10:37,780
Who's in charge here?
92
00:10:38,800 --> 00:10:39,841
No one is in charge here.
93
00:10:39,925 --> 00:10:41,960
-No one?
-No one.
94
00:10:42,044 --> 00:10:44,620
Fine, then. See you later. Take care.
95
00:10:55,760 --> 00:10:56,860
Put the…
96
00:11:08,240 --> 00:11:10,080
You need to drive down the hill.
97
00:11:10,164 --> 00:11:11,440
-No.
-What?
98
00:11:11,524 --> 00:11:13,240
-I mean, you have to…
-No.
99
00:11:13,324 --> 00:11:14,980
-Are you driving up?
-Yeah.
100
00:11:23,120 --> 00:11:24,300
Be careful with…
101
00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:26,640
the ravine.
102
00:11:26,724 --> 00:11:27,841
Are you recording?
103
00:11:27,925 --> 00:11:29,401
-Their faces, I mean.
-Yeah, man.
104
00:11:29,485 --> 00:11:32,500
-Point it at them, keep your cool.
-I see them.
105
00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:36,660
Kick the four-wheel drive in.
106
00:11:39,080 --> 00:11:42,153
-They're taking pictures.
-Yeah, let them.
107
00:11:42,237 --> 00:11:45,340
What for? No one at the court
listens to them anymore.
108
00:12:04,167 --> 00:12:07,160
{\an8}POLICE
109
00:13:03,520 --> 00:13:06,400
Today, here in this place,
110
00:13:06,484 --> 00:13:10,821
where chief Javier Chocobar
was murdered nine years ago
111
00:13:10,905 --> 00:13:13,886
there will be an official re-enactment
conducted by the jury.
112
00:13:13,970 --> 00:13:17,640
The Forensic Investigation Team
from the Prosecutor's Office
113
00:13:17,724 --> 00:13:20,160
is handling all the technical aspects
114
00:13:20,244 --> 00:13:24,320
besides security that is handled
by members of the police force…
115
00:13:30,940 --> 00:13:34,560
We were coming through here
in our Land Rover, at 6 p.m.
116
00:13:34,644 --> 00:13:38,080
Darío Amín was driving, I was to his right
117
00:13:38,164 --> 00:13:39,880
and Valdivieso was in the back.
118
00:13:39,964 --> 00:13:42,720
Here, we made the first visual contact
119
00:13:42,804 --> 00:13:44,360
with these people, who were over there.
120
00:13:45,139 --> 00:13:49,880
I waved from my seat,
they didn't respond, so we kept going.
121
00:13:51,847 --> 00:13:57,368
When we got here, by that post
was a gate and a sign that said:
122
00:13:57,452 --> 00:14:00,026
"No Trespassing. Chuschagasta Community."
123
00:14:00,110 --> 00:14:01,001
Something like that.
124
00:14:01,085 --> 00:14:04,633
I saw in the rearview mirror
people were approaching from behind.
125
00:14:04,717 --> 00:14:08,253
So when we all realize, I tell them both:
126
00:14:08,337 --> 00:14:11,560
"Don't step out of the car
because they might think
127
00:14:11,644 --> 00:14:15,720
that if it's three of us,
we are looking for some kind of trouble."
128
00:14:15,804 --> 00:14:18,301
So, I got out all by myself
129
00:14:18,385 --> 00:14:20,200
and went to meet them.
130
00:14:20,780 --> 00:14:24,400
I say: "Good afternoon.
Who is in charge here?"
131
00:14:24,484 --> 00:14:27,400
Making these gestures.
"Who is in charge here?"
132
00:14:27,484 --> 00:14:30,454
So they… Go on please, walk past me
as closely as you can.
133
00:14:30,538 --> 00:14:31,932
That's it.
134
00:14:32,016 --> 00:14:35,327
So they replied: "No one is in charge,
this belongs to the community."
135
00:14:35,411 --> 00:14:38,026
What did I do in response?
136
00:14:38,110 --> 00:14:39,860
"Very well, then. Good afternoon!"
137
00:14:40,360 --> 00:14:44,920
And doing nothing else,
we turned around and drove away.
138
00:14:45,004 --> 00:14:46,400
And that's the end of that scene.
139
00:14:47,800 --> 00:14:50,540
Valdivieso said: "I will take a nap."
140
00:14:51,533 --> 00:14:54,040
Our intention was to make it
to the mining path.
141
00:14:55,160 --> 00:14:58,500
I suggest you stand there,
I'll point that way and behind my back.
142
00:15:00,199 --> 00:15:01,041
Okay.
143
00:15:01,125 --> 00:15:04,320
When we saw that people were coming down,
144
00:15:04,404 --> 00:15:08,040
I told Darío to start recording
and let me do the talking.
145
00:15:08,124 --> 00:15:10,681
And they gestured like this.
You stand there.
146
00:15:10,765 --> 00:15:12,780
You can clearly see it in the video.
147
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,320
So, they forced me to turn around.
148
00:15:18,404 --> 00:15:20,801
You three, walk over there
gesticulating like this.
149
00:15:20,885 --> 00:15:22,520
-This way?
-Same as in the video.
150
00:15:22,604 --> 00:15:25,280
-Like this?
-Yes, exactly.
151
00:15:25,364 --> 00:15:27,914
I told them: "I don't want any trouble."
152
00:15:27,998 --> 00:15:29,840
"I will report you all
to the authorities."
153
00:15:29,924 --> 00:15:32,921
He then came up to me, saying:
"What are you gonna do?"
154
00:15:33,005 --> 00:15:35,882
-Do it, please.
-Hands outward.
155
00:15:35,966 --> 00:15:37,106
-Good.
-That's it.
156
00:15:37,190 --> 00:15:40,346
So I was now seeing
that he was holding a rock,
157
00:15:40,430 --> 00:15:41,840
and I was not sure about the other.
158
00:15:41,924 --> 00:15:44,300
But I couldn't let anybody
grab me like this.
159
00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:49,580
So, when he did that, I acted on instinct.
160
00:15:50,560 --> 00:15:52,980
-I did that.
-Here, take it. The gun.
161
00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:55,460
I won't do it again.
162
00:15:57,520 --> 00:15:59,687
What I did was part of my training.
It's natural.
163
00:15:59,771 --> 00:16:02,480
The Argentine State trained me to do that.
164
00:16:02,564 --> 00:16:04,720
The Argentine State.
165
00:16:04,804 --> 00:16:07,481
I drew my weapon and kept it down.
166
00:16:07,565 --> 00:16:10,353
Or they would have killed me.
That's what I thought.
167
00:16:10,437 --> 00:16:11,961
I kept talking to them.
168
00:16:12,045 --> 00:16:14,200
I kept talking.
169
00:16:14,284 --> 00:16:15,540
Do you believe in God?
170
00:16:18,680 --> 00:16:21,600
Do you have any religious beliefs
or any other belief
171
00:16:21,684 --> 00:16:23,100
on which you could swear?
172
00:16:24,380 --> 00:16:26,740
Do you swear to tell the truth,
on your honor?
173
00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:29,280
Were you able to attend school?
174
00:16:29,364 --> 00:16:31,006
PUBLIC PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE
175
00:16:31,090 --> 00:16:32,480
Mr. Cata.
176
00:16:32,564 --> 00:16:35,480
What was your relationship
with Mr. Chocobar?
177
00:16:35,564 --> 00:16:38,900
He's my maternal half-brother.
178
00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:40,641
Where do you live?
179
00:16:40,725 --> 00:16:45,940
In El Chorro, within the territory
of the Chuschagasta Indigenous Community.
180
00:16:47,599 --> 00:16:50,580
The quarry
is at the center of the territory.
181
00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:56,200
Who are you and why do you come here?
182
00:16:56,284 --> 00:16:58,567
We are the Amín family, don't you know?
183
00:16:58,651 --> 00:17:00,280
We are the Amín family.
184
00:17:00,364 --> 00:17:02,420
You have no business here.
185
00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:06,240
So you say, tell me who you are.
186
00:17:06,324 --> 00:17:08,560
-We are a community.
-An Indigenous community.
187
00:17:08,644 --> 00:17:10,241
And we are asserting our rights, so…
188
00:17:10,325 --> 00:17:12,401
OK. Relax, calm down.
189
00:17:12,485 --> 00:17:14,881
If we talk, we might understand
each other. Or maybe not.
190
00:17:14,965 --> 00:17:17,640
So I say, let's talk,
and we might understand each other.
191
00:17:17,724 --> 00:17:19,720
If we don't talk, we might not.
192
00:17:19,804 --> 00:17:21,707
You know there is a court order.
193
00:17:21,791 --> 00:17:25,480
I don't mean to hurt you,
but if I report what you're doing,
194
00:17:25,564 --> 00:17:26,900
we will all get in trouble.
195
00:17:28,440 --> 00:17:29,720
-It's OK.
-What are we doing?
196
00:17:29,804 --> 00:17:31,960
What is it that we are doing?
197
00:17:32,044 --> 00:17:33,960
-What is it?
-Man.
198
00:17:34,044 --> 00:17:35,800
Stay cool, brother.
199
00:17:35,884 --> 00:17:39,160
Don't you threaten me. I'm being polite.
200
00:17:39,244 --> 00:17:40,940
Who do you think you are?
201
00:18:05,280 --> 00:18:06,300
What's going on?
202
00:18:07,920 --> 00:18:09,660
I will fuck you up!
203
00:18:22,680 --> 00:18:23,521
No!
204
00:18:25,820 --> 00:18:27,700
Stop it, man. Stop!
205
00:18:29,607 --> 00:18:30,780
Stop it, man!
206
00:18:58,120 --> 00:18:59,620
That's Javier, see?
207
00:19:05,080 --> 00:19:06,513
That's my brother.
208
00:19:06,597 --> 00:19:08,660
And this is Javier's brother.
209
00:19:09,400 --> 00:19:12,568
That was in the city,
when they were harvesting.
210
00:19:12,652 --> 00:19:14,220
Cutting sugar cane.
211
00:19:16,486 --> 00:19:20,060
What you see there is a pen.
212
00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:27,700
This one is from when Javier was drafted.
213
00:19:29,059 --> 00:19:30,833
He served for three months.
214
00:19:31,386 --> 00:19:32,940
On account of his good behavior.
215
00:19:36,847 --> 00:19:39,100
That was the fashion back then.
216
00:19:39,633 --> 00:19:40,880
The jacket and…
217
00:19:42,773 --> 00:19:44,100
the sunglasses.
218
00:19:45,600 --> 00:19:49,100
That's a small badge, like a button.
219
00:19:49,867 --> 00:19:51,374
The Argentine badge
220
00:19:51,458 --> 00:19:55,020
like the ones that the kids
wear on their school uniforms.
221
00:19:56,640 --> 00:19:59,140
He would carry the pen around,
I don't know why.
222
00:20:03,120 --> 00:20:07,380
They used to wear jackets, suits.
223
00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:12,060
They went on horseback.
224
00:20:12,926 --> 00:20:14,020
They went dancing.
225
00:20:14,920 --> 00:20:19,340
Chacarera, zamba, gato,
escondido, bailecito.
226
00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:22,886
Those dances were frequent here.
227
00:20:22,970 --> 00:20:26,180
There are still. Chamamé, pasodoble.
228
00:20:27,680 --> 00:20:31,120
That girl who is dancing
was a member of his family.
229
00:20:31,204 --> 00:20:34,340
He was single. We were not dating yet.
230
00:20:37,120 --> 00:20:38,901
He ironed his handkerchief himself.
231
00:20:38,985 --> 00:20:42,420
With the corners out. Really tidy.
232
00:20:43,400 --> 00:20:45,380
They used to dress up a lot back then.
233
00:20:48,120 --> 00:20:49,940
All these were taken with his camera.
234
00:20:52,293 --> 00:20:54,060
He took pictures of everything.
235
00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:01,460
It was a white camera,
I don't remember well.
236
00:21:02,206 --> 00:21:04,300
He already had it when we got married.
237
00:21:11,360 --> 00:21:13,220
There is a tree over there.
238
00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:18,681
He would send a message calling me.
239
00:21:18,765 --> 00:21:20,294
My dad didn't know,
240
00:21:20,378 --> 00:21:24,259
he worked harvesting sugar cane, too.
241
00:21:24,343 --> 00:21:27,440
He would go cut cane with my mom.
242
00:21:27,524 --> 00:21:30,300
My brother and I stayed home.
243
00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:35,500
He would send me letters
through his sister,
244
00:21:36,280 --> 00:21:39,140
saying he wanted to see me
245
00:21:39,693 --> 00:21:41,260
and I would go right away.
246
00:21:42,733 --> 00:21:46,654
No talking, he'd just stare at me
for a little while,
247
00:21:46,738 --> 00:21:49,280
and then we would leave,
we wouldn't talk much.
248
00:21:52,240 --> 00:21:54,740
That's the day after I got married.
249
00:21:56,126 --> 00:21:57,580
I was 21.
250
00:21:58,173 --> 00:21:59,240
I wore a little suit.
251
00:22:00,040 --> 00:22:03,560
I don't know the name of that fabric,
it was light blue.
252
00:22:03,644 --> 00:22:06,100
It wasn't thin, it was rather thick.
253
00:22:07,560 --> 00:22:09,820
And what is this one?
254
00:22:10,326 --> 00:22:12,460
That's what he looked like when we met.
255
00:22:13,480 --> 00:22:15,713
Your dad and me.
256
00:22:21,086 --> 00:22:24,340
Javier got up every morning
to go cut cane,
257
00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:27,280
until 8 a.m., then he'd come back,
258
00:22:27,364 --> 00:22:29,880
have breakfast and go back until 12 p.m.
259
00:22:29,964 --> 00:22:33,633
And around 9 p.m., he'd already be in bed.
260
00:22:33,717 --> 00:22:36,340
And he would get up again at 2 a.m.
261
00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:41,480
He would go
when the moon was shining bright.
262
00:22:41,564 --> 00:22:44,520
But if there was no moon, he wouldn't go.
263
00:22:44,604 --> 00:22:46,180
He'd just go the following day.
264
00:22:49,126 --> 00:22:51,579
That's Gabriel when he was a baby.
265
00:22:51,663 --> 00:22:52,960
He was angry.
266
00:22:53,044 --> 00:22:55,200
So I laid him down
267
00:22:55,284 --> 00:22:57,300
and Javier took the photo.
268
00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:04,020
He took photos of all the kids.
269
00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:10,080
Women were not so much into photographs.
270
00:23:10,164 --> 00:23:11,380
Men were.
271
00:23:14,219 --> 00:23:18,680
"You've kept the best one
for yourself," he used to say.
272
00:23:18,764 --> 00:23:20,180
He was a jokester.
273
00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:25,140
He made saddles, you know?
274
00:23:25,646 --> 00:23:28,700
Headstalls, reins, all that.
275
00:23:29,260 --> 00:23:30,734
They sold well.
276
00:23:31,433 --> 00:23:32,860
The festival of…
277
00:23:32,944 --> 00:23:34,720
What was it called?
278
00:23:34,804 --> 00:23:36,680
Festival, Festival of…
279
00:23:36,764 --> 00:23:38,440
Tradition!
280
00:23:38,524 --> 00:23:39,780
We are…
281
00:23:40,440 --> 00:23:42,860
The Hope of Chamamé!
282
00:23:43,726 --> 00:23:48,220
We come from up there
where the air is pure.
283
00:23:49,093 --> 00:23:52,580
For all of you, we bring the rhythm of…
284
00:23:53,306 --> 00:23:55,340
chamamé!
285
00:23:55,424 --> 00:23:57,700
And it goes like this!
286
00:24:01,986 --> 00:24:04,540
Let's hear that sapucai, gauchos!
287
00:24:09,960 --> 00:24:12,140
You are Delfín Cata, is that right sir?
288
00:24:14,172 --> 00:24:15,340
That's me.
289
00:24:15,866 --> 00:24:18,820
You were taking photos.
What is that camera?
290
00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:23,660
That camera
belonged to a community member.
291
00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:25,900
A camera that uses film.
292
00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:28,860
See you later. Take care.
293
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:31,220
They're taking pictures.
294
00:24:33,760 --> 00:24:34,880
You are recording, right?
295
00:24:34,964 --> 00:24:36,327
-Their faces, I mean.
-Yes, man.
296
00:24:36,411 --> 00:24:39,160
-Point it at them, keep your cool.
-I see them.
297
00:24:39,244 --> 00:24:41,540
Darío Amín was recording that day.
298
00:24:42,320 --> 00:24:45,220
He had the video camera and a revolver.
299
00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:49,600
That's Uncle Javier.
300
00:24:51,920 --> 00:24:52,980
That's Andrés.
301
00:24:54,620 --> 00:24:57,280
Emilio, that's me,
302
00:24:58,040 --> 00:24:59,833
and the one coming down here is Beto.
303
00:25:00,600 --> 00:25:01,520
Beto Cata.
304
00:25:03,260 --> 00:25:05,481
That's Nico, Adriana's son.
305
00:25:05,565 --> 00:25:08,560
That's Lucrecia, Delfín Cata's daughter.
306
00:25:09,140 --> 00:25:10,880
That's Francisca.
307
00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:15,380
And that's Uncle Javier standing there.
308
00:25:16,700 --> 00:25:20,400
Why take photos? No one at the court
listens to them anymore.
309
00:25:20,484 --> 00:25:22,920
If we talk, we might understand
each other. Or maybe not.
310
00:25:23,004 --> 00:25:25,680
So I say, let's talk,
and we might understand each other.
311
00:25:25,764 --> 00:25:27,700
Or we might not.
You know there is a court order…
312
00:25:27,784 --> 00:25:29,326
Uncle Javier is coming from the back.
313
00:25:31,020 --> 00:25:32,500
He's coming down over there.
314
00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:46,780
Who do you think you are?
315
00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:04,907
We were wrestling with Gómez
and I went like…
316
00:26:04,991 --> 00:26:06,100
Excuse me.
317
00:26:06,901 --> 00:26:08,179
Like this.
318
00:26:08,263 --> 00:26:09,660
So I picked up the gun
319
00:26:09,744 --> 00:26:11,013
and flung it over there.
320
00:26:11,097 --> 00:26:12,440
Where was Javier?
321
00:26:13,240 --> 00:26:14,380
Javier was lying over there.
322
00:26:14,464 --> 00:26:16,040
And that's when he said:
323
00:26:16,124 --> 00:26:18,187
"Turk, you motherfucker. You shot me."
324
00:26:19,966 --> 00:26:21,500
This memorial wasn't here.
325
00:26:23,539 --> 00:26:25,540
Then I heard another shot.
326
00:26:25,624 --> 00:26:27,220
Gómez didn't have the gun anymore.
327
00:26:27,746 --> 00:26:30,507
And then, Gómez tried to escape
328
00:26:30,591 --> 00:26:32,447
and he fell here.
329
00:26:32,953 --> 00:26:34,800
A little farther ahead.
330
00:26:34,884 --> 00:26:36,453
There.
331
00:26:36,537 --> 00:26:39,353
That's when Gómez reached for his ankle.
332
00:26:39,953 --> 00:26:43,687
So, I pulled on his leg like this
333
00:26:43,771 --> 00:26:45,380
and I took his other gun.
334
00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:47,480
Gómez was disarmed.
335
00:26:48,159 --> 00:26:49,553
I flung it far.
336
00:26:49,637 --> 00:26:50,980
Over there.
337
00:26:55,320 --> 00:26:57,440
Please state your full name, please.
338
00:26:57,524 --> 00:26:59,180
Alberto Orlando Cata.
339
00:27:00,120 --> 00:27:01,427
How old are you?
340
00:27:01,511 --> 00:27:02,620
Twenty-two.
341
00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:05,353
What do you do?
342
00:27:05,437 --> 00:27:06,421
I'm an athlete.
343
00:27:06,505 --> 00:27:08,462
-I can't hear you.
-I'm an athlete.
344
00:27:08,546 --> 00:27:10,260
-An athlete?
-Yes.
345
00:27:12,840 --> 00:27:14,694
-Were you able to attend school?
-Yes.
346
00:27:14,778 --> 00:27:17,539
-How far did you get?
-High school.
347
00:27:17,623 --> 00:27:19,401
-Did you graduate?
-Yes.
348
00:27:19,485 --> 00:27:22,700
I was standing here,
and my uncle came this way.
349
00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:25,520
So I saw Amín shooting from over there.
350
00:27:28,273 --> 00:27:29,840
Around here.
351
00:27:29,924 --> 00:27:32,360
-Amín was there.
-Right.
352
00:27:32,444 --> 00:27:34,260
-Go on. Lead the way.
-Uh-huh.
353
00:27:35,566 --> 00:27:37,026
He came from the back.
354
00:27:40,053 --> 00:27:42,800
I turned around
and I saw Valdivieso coming.
355
00:27:46,360 --> 00:27:51,066
I am aware that the weapons
have been seized…
356
00:27:51,150 --> 00:27:54,160
Could you please
show them to the plaintiff?
357
00:27:54,244 --> 00:27:56,139
We have never seen them.
358
00:27:56,223 --> 00:27:59,241
-Of course.
-If we may.
359
00:27:59,325 --> 00:28:01,447
Are they unloaded, Mr. Secretary?
360
00:28:01,531 --> 00:28:04,946
-Hold them downwards, please.
-Very well.
361
00:28:05,030 --> 00:28:07,593
A Taurus .40 pistol,
362
00:28:07,677 --> 00:28:10,426
a Beretta, 9mm caliber
363
00:28:10,510 --> 00:28:12,360
and a .32 revolver.
364
00:28:16,600 --> 00:28:19,813
I drop the gun and all I manage to do
365
00:28:19,897 --> 00:28:21,160
is run over here.
366
00:28:22,073 --> 00:28:24,040
I go look for Valdivieso.
367
00:28:27,120 --> 00:28:28,340
And then I pass out.
368
00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:31,020
I can't remember anything else.
369
00:28:33,840 --> 00:28:35,580
Four people, please.
370
00:28:38,280 --> 00:28:39,500
Stand here.
371
00:28:41,160 --> 00:28:42,580
Someone, stand here.
372
00:28:43,880 --> 00:28:45,160
Someone behind me, please.
373
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:49,240
From the sides, they kicked my gut.
374
00:28:49,324 --> 00:28:52,280
The guy behind me
hit my head with a stick.
375
00:28:52,364 --> 00:28:55,480
I got up and warned them
they would kill me.
376
00:28:55,564 --> 00:28:58,201
I fire and shout: "Stop! Police!"
377
00:28:58,285 --> 00:29:00,721
"You're gonna kill him! Enough!"
378
00:29:00,805 --> 00:29:03,520
"I'm a police officer.
What are you doing?"
379
00:29:04,100 --> 00:29:06,860
I turn around.
A fat one starts strangling me.
380
00:29:07,780 --> 00:29:11,106
I thought I'd get shot
from the way they were punching me.
381
00:29:11,190 --> 00:29:14,080
So I stay down, and when I get up,
382
00:29:14,660 --> 00:29:17,620
there was silence,
and blood is coming over my eyes.
383
00:29:21,320 --> 00:29:25,800
It's true that they received blows,
but no gunshots.
384
00:29:26,480 --> 00:29:29,766
We could have done the same as them,
385
00:29:29,850 --> 00:29:31,180
with the same weapons.
386
00:29:32,040 --> 00:29:34,040
But we didn't…
387
00:29:34,124 --> 00:29:38,680
Javier received a fatal shot
and lost his life.
388
00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:43,820
Emilio got shot in the shin,
which broke his leg.
389
00:29:44,772 --> 00:29:48,220
And Andrés was shot in the abdomen.
390
00:29:55,446 --> 00:29:59,760
Right when the trial began,
he started feeling unwell
391
00:29:59,844 --> 00:30:03,520
and they found a tumor in his head.
392
00:30:03,604 --> 00:30:06,973
He wants to speak,
some words come out right,
393
00:30:07,057 --> 00:30:12,220
but he cannot express what he feels,
what he wants to say.
394
00:30:17,440 --> 00:30:21,120
Meanwhile, we kept waiting for the trial
395
00:30:21,204 --> 00:30:23,580
against these crooks.
396
00:30:23,664 --> 00:30:24,673
Nine years.
397
00:30:24,757 --> 00:30:26,120
Yes, nine years
398
00:30:26,204 --> 00:30:28,461
until the trial finally took place.
399
00:30:28,545 --> 00:30:33,880
CHUSCHAGASTA COMMUNITY
400
00:30:34,600 --> 00:30:36,420
Javier Chocobar!
401
00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:39,781
Now and forever!
402
00:30:39,865 --> 00:30:41,840
WE DEMAND PROSECUTOR DEMITRI'S RESIGNATION
403
00:30:41,924 --> 00:30:44,460
See? He has a pen there too.
404
00:30:47,939 --> 00:30:49,340
In his shirt pocket.
405
00:30:51,906 --> 00:30:53,400
It was Manolo's birthday.
406
00:30:57,120 --> 00:30:59,220
They popped the piñata.
407
00:31:00,720 --> 00:31:03,841
This is Chanito, he was so little!
408
00:31:03,925 --> 00:31:05,660
Chanito.
409
00:31:06,252 --> 00:31:09,160
What was this old man's name?
410
00:31:09,244 --> 00:31:10,426
He was always around.
411
00:31:10,510 --> 00:31:14,500
When they branded cattle,
he would play music.
412
00:31:15,360 --> 00:31:16,860
He was friends with Javier.
413
00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:22,300
Mariela, Gabriel's wife, baked the cake.
414
00:31:22,833 --> 00:31:24,260
She bakes.
415
00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:30,540
The whole family is in that photo,
everyone wanted to be in the picture.
416
00:31:31,713 --> 00:31:35,420
Javier is playing the old man's accordion.
417
00:31:40,040 --> 00:31:42,860
I was here when they came.
418
00:31:44,040 --> 00:31:48,700
Javier told me he'd walk down
to the plot with the rest and come back.
419
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:54,820
And that's when I heard a gunshot.
420
00:31:58,280 --> 00:32:01,580
I fell down, got up, fell down and got up…
421
00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:05,040
They said
I was rolling around and screaming.
422
00:32:05,124 --> 00:32:06,580
I don't remember anything.
423
00:32:09,527 --> 00:32:13,354
"Mama, let's go home,
Dad's already dead," they said.
424
00:32:13,438 --> 00:32:15,380
I kept repeating: "No, he is not dead."
425
00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:25,500
They couldn't take me away.
I was there, holding onto him.
426
00:32:33,440 --> 00:32:35,920
This news story begins
427
00:32:36,004 --> 00:32:39,640
with a brutal armed confrontation
between two gangs
428
00:32:39,724 --> 00:32:43,520
in the town of Chuscha,
in the Trancas department.
429
00:32:43,604 --> 00:32:45,880
As a consequence, a man died
430
00:32:45,964 --> 00:32:48,021
and three people were injured.
431
00:32:48,105 --> 00:32:50,260
In the afternoon…
432
00:32:57,340 --> 00:32:58,820
Why were you there?
433
00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:05,940
We were looking after our land.
434
00:33:07,480 --> 00:33:12,220
To prevent strangers from taking it.
435
00:33:14,046 --> 00:33:17,260
Since when have you been
looking after the land?
436
00:33:19,786 --> 00:33:22,900
We used to live there.
437
00:33:23,400 --> 00:33:27,200
Our ancestors, my grandfather,
my great-grandfather.
438
00:33:27,284 --> 00:33:29,179
How old are you, sir?
439
00:33:29,263 --> 00:33:30,173
Forty-six.
440
00:33:30,257 --> 00:33:32,980
Have you been looking after the land
for 46 years?
441
00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:34,806
Even before that.
442
00:33:34,890 --> 00:33:37,780
-Counsel, the prosecutor is right.
-Long before that.
443
00:33:37,864 --> 00:33:39,720
-It is not relevant.
-No, it's not.
444
00:33:39,804 --> 00:33:43,967
He said he had always lived there,
his grandparents, too.
445
00:33:44,051 --> 00:33:47,340
I want to know how long
they have been protecting the land.
446
00:33:48,019 --> 00:33:50,400
Then ask him that specifically.
447
00:33:50,484 --> 00:33:53,280
Since when have you been gathering around
448
00:33:53,364 --> 00:33:56,500
in that area or at the gate
to protect the land?
449
00:33:58,826 --> 00:34:00,440
"We did not have weapons,
450
00:34:00,524 --> 00:34:03,040
we acted peacefully from the beginning
451
00:34:03,124 --> 00:34:05,360
to prevent them from taking control."
452
00:34:05,444 --> 00:34:08,321
"But problems arose
and they began to shoot."
453
00:34:08,405 --> 00:34:12,180
"We had to defend ourselves
with sticks and stones."
454
00:34:20,533 --> 00:34:21,820
Truth is…
455
00:34:22,560 --> 00:34:26,000
yes, with stones, because the truth is we…
456
00:34:26,084 --> 00:34:28,140
we didn't have any weapons.
457
00:34:30,520 --> 00:34:32,180
Do you know me, sir?
458
00:34:33,560 --> 00:34:34,540
No.
459
00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:36,660
I want you to look at me.
460
00:34:37,160 --> 00:34:40,441
Do you know the defendants?
Whom you mentioned as Amín,
461
00:34:40,525 --> 00:34:43,280
the one wearing the white cap,
and the gray-haired one.
462
00:34:44,986 --> 00:34:45,847
I know him.
463
00:34:45,931 --> 00:34:47,881
-Who is he?
-Darío Amín.
464
00:34:47,965 --> 00:34:50,000
And in that sector to your right,
465
00:34:50,084 --> 00:34:51,700
do you know anybody?
466
00:34:54,779 --> 00:34:59,240
-The question from the defense…
-That's up to our defense.
467
00:34:59,324 --> 00:35:01,414
I won't discuss my strategy with you.
468
00:35:01,498 --> 00:35:03,641
-But the question…
-It won't cause any harm.
469
00:35:03,725 --> 00:35:07,380
So as not to be repetitive,
do you have good eyesight?
470
00:35:08,967 --> 00:35:11,500
-Excuse me?
-If you have good eyesight.
471
00:35:12,280 --> 00:35:15,260
-Do you wear glasses?
-No, I don't. I have good eyesight.
472
00:35:16,520 --> 00:35:21,240
When you saw Mr. Amín,
was he standing, sitting, kneeling?
473
00:35:21,324 --> 00:35:23,019
He was standing.
474
00:35:23,103 --> 00:35:24,880
And, when my uncle came by,
475
00:35:24,964 --> 00:35:28,680
he pointed the weapon at him
and fired, I saw him…
476
00:35:28,764 --> 00:35:31,460
Who determined Mr. Chocobar was dead?
477
00:35:35,626 --> 00:35:39,498
You said you saw
Mr. Valdivieso firing his gun.
478
00:35:39,582 --> 00:35:40,423
I did.
479
00:35:40,507 --> 00:35:43,181
-When was that?
-It was…
480
00:35:43,265 --> 00:35:46,460
When in your story?
481
00:35:48,440 --> 00:35:49,760
I'd say, when people were…
482
00:35:49,844 --> 00:35:51,314
Closer to the microphone.
483
00:35:51,398 --> 00:35:54,393
People were retreating, and he aimed
484
00:35:54,477 --> 00:35:58,001
towards the people who were climbing,
485
00:35:58,085 --> 00:36:00,208
to reach another path farther up.
486
00:36:00,292 --> 00:36:02,659
-He aimed towards people.
-Yes.
487
00:36:02,743 --> 00:36:06,547
Do you remember the statement
you gave to the police after the event?
488
00:36:06,631 --> 00:36:07,921
Excuse me, I consider
489
00:36:08,005 --> 00:36:11,540
the defense attorney's remarks
are witness harassment.
490
00:36:11,624 --> 00:36:13,700
This is an oral debate!
491
00:36:14,200 --> 00:36:17,041
And this is what oral proceedings are for.
492
00:36:17,125 --> 00:36:21,002
So that the witnesses
can explain in detail,
493
00:36:21,086 --> 00:36:24,360
not to repeat verbatim
what they told a computer…
494
00:36:24,444 --> 00:36:25,786
I request the floor.
495
00:36:25,870 --> 00:36:30,360
I do not intend
to intimidate the witness, Your Honor.
496
00:36:31,159 --> 00:36:34,886
His previous statement was different.
497
00:36:34,970 --> 00:36:37,481
He was 13 years old, he was a minor.
498
00:36:37,565 --> 00:36:42,960
Based on what he says now,
I hereby request a confrontation.
499
00:36:44,826 --> 00:36:46,853
You get me?
And there was no weapon in my hand
500
00:36:46,937 --> 00:36:50,793
because you stole it
from me and took it away.
501
00:36:50,877 --> 00:36:52,893
You hear me? The weapon is a pistol.
502
00:36:52,977 --> 00:36:54,941
-What's it like?
-The weapon was…
503
00:36:55,025 --> 00:36:56,955
-You say you know it so well.
-…a small weapon…
504
00:36:57,039 --> 00:36:59,047
You're wrong, my weapon is big!
505
00:36:59,131 --> 00:37:00,648
You're dead wrong, it's big!
506
00:37:00,732 --> 00:37:02,180
It's a big pistol!
507
00:37:03,173 --> 00:37:06,033
-Be respectful, Mr. Valdivieso.
-Don't raise your voice.
508
00:37:06,117 --> 00:37:08,434
-All right.
-I haven't given you the floor.
509
00:37:08,518 --> 00:37:10,681
-I apologize, Your Honor.
-Be respectful.
510
00:37:10,765 --> 00:37:12,300
The weapon…
511
00:37:12,384 --> 00:37:14,181
It wasn't big, it was…
512
00:37:14,265 --> 00:37:16,634
If you know the weapon…
513
00:37:16,718 --> 00:37:19,586
I would like the Court to show the weapons
and see if he recognizes…
514
00:37:19,670 --> 00:37:22,160
No, address him, not the Court.
515
00:37:22,244 --> 00:37:23,900
And when you were leaving…
516
00:37:23,984 --> 00:37:27,341
-No interruptions.
-…you came back, so I found it.
517
00:37:27,425 --> 00:37:28,673
My weapon?
518
00:37:28,757 --> 00:37:30,580
-Well…
-My weapon?
519
00:37:31,193 --> 00:37:32,300
Was it my weapon?
520
00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,280
Why didn't you pick up another weapon?
521
00:37:35,364 --> 00:37:36,441
-Because…
-Why?
522
00:37:36,525 --> 00:37:40,699
-Why would I?
-So, why take my weapon?
523
00:37:40,783 --> 00:37:43,660
-Excuse me?
-Why take my other weapon, then?
524
00:37:44,160 --> 00:37:46,746
So you don't mess up again like--
525
00:37:46,830 --> 00:37:49,100
You're saying I picked up a weapon
526
00:37:49,184 --> 00:37:50,520
and that I messed up…
527
00:37:50,604 --> 00:37:53,306
You say I presumably picked up a weapon.
528
00:37:53,390 --> 00:37:54,722
What weapon did I pick up?
529
00:37:54,806 --> 00:37:57,486
Do you think that,
had I found another gun,
530
00:37:57,570 --> 00:38:01,120
I'd leave without my gun,
which you stole from me?
531
00:38:13,240 --> 00:38:14,620
Why were you there?
532
00:38:15,813 --> 00:38:18,180
I asked him why he was there.
533
00:38:19,120 --> 00:38:20,940
It won't do any harm, answer.
534
00:38:21,913 --> 00:38:25,060
Why were you in that place?
535
00:38:29,200 --> 00:38:30,500
Do you believe in God?
536
00:38:33,486 --> 00:38:36,220
Do you swear to tell the truth,
so help you God?
537
00:38:38,499 --> 00:38:40,500
You said that you got together
538
00:38:41,227 --> 00:38:43,580
in order to protect the land.
539
00:38:44,767 --> 00:38:49,980
Why did you think that someone
would take over your land?
540
00:38:53,820 --> 00:38:56,520
How many families live there?
541
00:38:56,604 --> 00:38:59,201
Did you ever think
of defending yourselves?
542
00:38:59,285 --> 00:39:01,540
Stick to the facts, counsel.
543
00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:08,020
Did you know
that the land belonged to Amín?
544
00:39:11,680 --> 00:39:13,160
I'll be straightforward.
545
00:39:13,244 --> 00:39:15,820
Why were you there that day
546
00:39:16,440 --> 00:39:20,380
instead of being home
drinking mate tea or sowing the land?
547
00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:28,840
An athlete
from the town of Trancas, La Higuera!
548
00:39:28,924 --> 00:39:33,640
Coming in, athlete number 20
from La Higuera!
549
00:39:33,724 --> 00:39:36,880
Representing Trancas!
550
00:39:54,027 --> 00:39:55,093
Come on.
551
00:39:55,177 --> 00:39:56,018
Here.
552
00:40:06,600 --> 00:40:08,920
I really liked
553
00:40:09,004 --> 00:40:12,340
doing that, taking pictures.
554
00:40:15,080 --> 00:40:17,380
Fly away, little one.
555
00:40:18,920 --> 00:40:22,440
When I served in the military,
556
00:40:22,524 --> 00:40:23,960
I had several photos taken.
557
00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:38,820
I wanted to keep a record,
so it wouldn't fade away.
558
00:40:42,853 --> 00:40:45,680
I had one of those cardboard cameras.
559
00:40:52,920 --> 00:40:55,007
Nowadays, the phone helps.
560
00:40:55,091 --> 00:40:58,080
But in the community,
not all of us have good phones.
561
00:41:15,760 --> 00:41:20,900
I took these photos to keep a record
562
00:41:21,560 --> 00:41:23,921
of the times of trouble
563
00:41:24,005 --> 00:41:27,440
that the community was going through.
564
00:41:29,640 --> 00:41:33,920
Like when Darío Amín built that shack.
565
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:39,840
Chief Balderrama is showing the injunction
566
00:41:39,924 --> 00:41:42,480
asking them to leave the community
567
00:41:42,564 --> 00:41:43,980
as they were not allowed there.
568
00:41:55,586 --> 00:41:58,460
People were tired of lawsuits.
569
00:41:58,960 --> 00:42:03,406
We had to defend ourselves somehow,
how did we do it?
570
00:42:03,490 --> 00:42:05,400
By filing reports.
571
00:42:06,920 --> 00:42:11,320
Whether they did something about it
or not,
572
00:42:11,404 --> 00:42:13,420
without a report, there's no evidence.
573
00:42:16,140 --> 00:42:19,620
Realizing that you are…
574
00:42:20,793 --> 00:42:22,940
erm…
575
00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:26,700
a descendant of our ancestors
576
00:42:27,780 --> 00:42:31,260
hasn't been easy for me.
577
00:42:34,360 --> 00:42:36,840
But I finally did realize.
578
00:42:36,924 --> 00:42:39,081
We don't come from far away.
579
00:42:39,165 --> 00:42:41,094
We're not from Germany,
580
00:42:41,178 --> 00:42:44,780
we don't come from the U.S.,
we don't come from Italy.
581
00:42:45,600 --> 00:42:50,380
Here, our grandparents,
great-grandparents, parents…
582
00:42:50,920 --> 00:42:54,300
and us, we were all born here,
and our children are being born here.
583
00:42:57,707 --> 00:43:01,580
These are the steps to follow
to build a case file.
584
00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:06,180
You need to analyze the problem
585
00:43:06,264 --> 00:43:09,920
and see where to elevate it.
586
00:43:10,004 --> 00:43:13,406
Whether it's the local Congress,
or the Prosecutor's Office
587
00:43:13,490 --> 00:43:17,801
or some other institution,
like the Land Registry Office.
588
00:43:17,885 --> 00:43:21,380
Meaning, wherever the complaint
needs to be addressed.
589
00:43:22,220 --> 00:43:26,560
And always better if it's signed
by the entire community,
590
00:43:26,644 --> 00:43:29,120
but it doesn't end there.
591
00:43:29,204 --> 00:43:32,880
'Cause if you don't follow up,
they will shelve it,
592
00:43:32,964 --> 00:43:36,640
new files come in and it gets buried
593
00:43:36,724 --> 00:43:38,980
and then nobody can find it.
594
00:43:42,440 --> 00:43:46,280
Day after day, endless commutes.
595
00:43:46,364 --> 00:43:49,360
They'd tell us to go back
the following week, month, 15 days…
596
00:43:49,444 --> 00:43:55,480
I… constantly followed up
on that that file, periodically,
597
00:43:55,564 --> 00:43:58,420
in order to make progress.
598
00:43:59,320 --> 00:44:01,300
Sometimes, also,
599
00:44:01,846 --> 00:44:05,120
you have to send them something
like a chicken, a gift,
600
00:44:05,204 --> 00:44:09,181
for those at the front desk
601
00:44:09,265 --> 00:44:14,320
because they are the ones
who really control the case files.
602
00:44:14,404 --> 00:44:15,720
Right.
603
00:44:15,804 --> 00:44:17,173
Sometimes they understand
604
00:44:17,257 --> 00:44:20,226
because they are workers
and people like us.
605
00:44:20,310 --> 00:44:21,340
Right.
606
00:44:22,340 --> 00:44:25,140
There's another important thing.
607
00:44:26,760 --> 00:44:28,700
When the counterparty
608
00:44:29,300 --> 00:44:32,314
asks to talk,
609
00:44:32,398 --> 00:44:35,300
that's not good for the community.
610
00:44:35,960 --> 00:44:39,560
Yes, communication is important,
611
00:44:39,644 --> 00:44:43,066
but it's not convenient for us
612
00:44:43,150 --> 00:44:47,740
because if we agree to talk,
we know we'll end up losing,
613
00:44:48,300 --> 00:44:51,120
because we'll have to concede something.
614
00:44:51,204 --> 00:44:55,166
Dialogue means giving up something.
615
00:44:55,250 --> 00:44:57,760
Which means giving up a part of the land.
616
00:46:05,832 --> 00:46:10,346
Let's give a warm welcome to our pilgrims,
617
00:46:10,430 --> 00:46:13,521
to the gaucho troop
from Chuscha and La Higuera.
618
00:46:13,605 --> 00:46:16,160
They brought their figurines.
619
00:46:16,244 --> 00:46:19,246
It's a day for family, a day for faith.
620
00:46:19,330 --> 00:46:21,567
My dad was from Chasquivil.
621
00:46:22,080 --> 00:46:24,500
My mom was from Rodeo Grande.
622
00:46:25,453 --> 00:46:28,361
I don't know what the processions
were like back then,
623
00:46:28,445 --> 00:46:30,380
the Lord of Health, all that…
624
00:46:31,560 --> 00:46:33,727
My mom and dad met there
625
00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:36,280
and they got married.
626
00:46:36,364 --> 00:46:38,280
Happy Day of the Virgin to everyone.
627
00:46:40,306 --> 00:46:43,000
This procession was in Anca Juli.
628
00:46:43,084 --> 00:46:45,480
I'm not sure what part exactly,
629
00:46:45,564 --> 00:46:47,460
or what saint they were carrying.
630
00:46:49,840 --> 00:46:51,300
That's my dad
631
00:46:51,812 --> 00:46:54,460
playing the drum and probably singing.
632
00:46:55,273 --> 00:46:57,200
They must be singing coplas.
633
00:46:58,880 --> 00:47:01,206
His grandparents were from Amaicha.
634
00:47:01,740 --> 00:47:06,020
My grandfather used to say
he was the son of Indigenous peoples.
635
00:47:07,553 --> 00:47:10,934
But my grandmother, Pistán,
she said she was mixed blood.
636
00:47:12,760 --> 00:47:15,580
We are not pure, I guess.
637
00:47:19,600 --> 00:47:21,020
This one is the oldest.
638
00:47:23,200 --> 00:47:26,300
That's the first house
they had in Anca Juli.
639
00:47:29,293 --> 00:47:32,940
It was more like a small shed,
made of cane and sticks.
640
00:47:35,373 --> 00:47:37,380
My mom is holding my hand.
641
00:47:39,840 --> 00:47:41,481
Women came and asked her
642
00:47:41,565 --> 00:47:45,280
to make them a dress, a skirt, a blouse.
643
00:47:46,506 --> 00:47:49,220
"That's how I learned to sew,"
my mom used to say.
644
00:47:49,746 --> 00:47:51,800
She would wash the fabric and then measure
645
00:47:51,884 --> 00:47:55,913
the shoulders, the inseam.
646
00:47:55,997 --> 00:47:57,340
All of that.
647
00:48:00,040 --> 00:48:02,801
My mom used to assist in births.
648
00:48:02,885 --> 00:48:07,180
In emergencies,
I stepped in, I helped with three.
649
00:48:09,133 --> 00:48:11,960
But I only helped them come out.
650
00:48:12,044 --> 00:48:16,280
I cut the umbilical cord,
helped with the placenta,
651
00:48:16,364 --> 00:48:17,380
no more than that.
652
00:48:20,553 --> 00:48:22,140
This is Silvia.
653
00:48:22,224 --> 00:48:24,940
She wasn't their biological child.
654
00:48:25,720 --> 00:48:27,947
Her mother left her at home as a baby
655
00:48:28,031 --> 00:48:32,220
so the judge told my parents
to register her as their own.
656
00:48:34,920 --> 00:48:36,140
That's me.
657
00:48:40,160 --> 00:48:42,340
"Chuscha" means thick hair.
658
00:48:43,326 --> 00:48:45,693
It's a word…
659
00:48:45,777 --> 00:48:47,580
an Indigenous word, I was told.
660
00:48:52,240 --> 00:48:54,580
My family always received visitors.
661
00:48:55,081 --> 00:48:59,680
The hunters would come,
one would tell the other, and so on.
662
00:48:59,764 --> 00:49:02,600
They spoke well of my parents.
663
00:49:03,433 --> 00:49:09,140
They brought their photo cameras,
those small, square ones.
664
00:49:09,640 --> 00:49:11,900
They'd give them to my mom as a gift.
665
00:49:13,219 --> 00:49:14,860
And so, they made friends.
666
00:49:18,533 --> 00:49:20,180
We are six.
667
00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:25,380
The eldest was Antonia, Braulio,
Luisa, Francisco, Delfina and myself.
668
00:49:26,767 --> 00:49:30,380
Mom and Dad taught us to be articulate.
669
00:49:31,120 --> 00:49:32,580
Not to just stand there in silence.
670
00:49:34,040 --> 00:49:37,460
They used to tell us
we had Indigenous heritage.
671
00:49:40,040 --> 00:49:41,580
"The children of Indians."
672
00:49:44,080 --> 00:49:46,240
Indigenous peoples were not liked.
673
00:49:49,120 --> 00:49:54,140
It was embarrassing
because it was derogative
674
00:49:56,040 --> 00:49:57,220
to call somebody "Indian."
675
00:50:02,973 --> 00:50:05,740
There were problems.
My dad used to tell me that.
676
00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:09,720
He went to trial, I remember.
677
00:50:09,804 --> 00:50:12,880
They wanted him to pay to work the land.
678
00:50:14,320 --> 00:50:16,820
He had to pay with labor.
679
00:50:17,680 --> 00:50:20,260
Working for them,
680
00:50:20,800 --> 00:50:22,220
but without compensation.
681
00:50:23,420 --> 00:50:26,741
If he refused, they would threaten,
682
00:50:26,825 --> 00:50:28,260
erm,
683
00:50:28,344 --> 00:50:30,780
to take away a year-old animal
684
00:50:31,546 --> 00:50:34,620
and give him two newborns instead.
685
00:50:36,960 --> 00:50:39,561
So, the way I see it, it was like a scam
686
00:50:39,645 --> 00:50:43,000
because he didn't know if those newborns
687
00:50:43,084 --> 00:50:45,874
would grow up healthy,
whereas he'd give the boss
688
00:50:45,958 --> 00:50:48,220
an animal that was already a year old.
689
00:50:51,480 --> 00:50:55,460
My mom didn't like
having problems with anybody.
690
00:50:56,240 --> 00:51:00,780
So she asked my dad to come
and find a place to move.
691
00:51:03,560 --> 00:51:08,467
It made me very sad to leave
the place where I was born,
692
00:51:08,551 --> 00:51:10,633
where I grew up,
693
00:51:10,717 --> 00:51:11,980
where I had everything.
694
00:51:13,193 --> 00:51:14,940
We packed everything up in boxes.
695
00:51:15,819 --> 00:51:18,780
There were no roads, no paths whatsoever.
696
00:51:19,433 --> 00:51:21,220
We carried all by mule.
697
00:51:22,240 --> 00:51:25,200
It took us about three or four months.
698
00:51:26,680 --> 00:51:29,780
The goats, the sheep,
the cows, the horses.
699
00:51:30,280 --> 00:51:33,360
We had to carry it all. Even the chickens.
700
00:51:35,520 --> 00:51:37,920
Meanwhile, we built the house here
701
00:51:38,780 --> 00:51:43,080
cutting the adobe
and the straw to make the roof.
702
00:51:43,164 --> 00:51:45,000
First a bedroom,
703
00:51:45,084 --> 00:51:47,880
then, a kitchen resembling a small hut.
704
00:51:50,060 --> 00:51:51,860
We did it together, as a family.
705
00:51:52,760 --> 00:51:54,260
That's how it came together.
706
00:51:59,667 --> 00:52:01,740
You know, you see these like this,
707
00:52:02,479 --> 00:52:03,780
quite weathered,
708
00:52:05,080 --> 00:52:06,473
but they are here.
709
00:52:06,557 --> 00:52:07,780
I've kept them.
710
00:52:11,360 --> 00:52:14,100
I don't know what will happen
711
00:52:14,873 --> 00:52:17,460
when I die, what will happen to these.
712
00:52:19,440 --> 00:52:20,860
What they'll do with them.
713
00:52:41,913 --> 00:52:43,920
That's what happened.
714
00:52:44,004 --> 00:52:48,780
There is a historian who clearly states
that they disappeared in 1807.
715
00:52:49,540 --> 00:52:51,127
Let's be very clear about that.
716
00:52:51,211 --> 00:52:52,133
Great.
717
00:52:53,280 --> 00:52:56,420
I have a blind faith in justice
718
00:52:57,773 --> 00:53:00,080
and also in the justice of God.
719
00:53:00,164 --> 00:53:01,320
I believe that my son,
720
00:53:01,404 --> 00:53:06,160
after seven years
of seeing a psychiatrist…
721
00:53:06,244 --> 00:53:10,220
Both of them, actually,
my grandson as well…
722
00:53:11,086 --> 00:53:16,840
It's very hard for a mother to see
your son hurting and in such bad shape…
723
00:53:16,924 --> 00:53:22,706
The lands absolutely have…
a deed and a title.
724
00:53:22,790 --> 00:53:25,427
They were bought at a judicial auction
from the National Bank.
725
00:53:25,511 --> 00:53:27,786
They have perfect legal titles.
726
00:53:27,870 --> 00:53:31,900
That's why I was able to register
as a mining entrepreneur.
727
00:53:32,953 --> 00:53:37,360
In 2006, I offered them one acre each,
728
00:53:37,444 --> 00:53:40,880
total ownership,
but not as an Indigenous community,
729
00:53:40,964 --> 00:53:42,714
and they said no.
730
00:53:42,798 --> 00:53:46,360
I offered work in the quarry,
they said they were on welfare.
731
00:53:46,444 --> 00:53:48,867
They received a payment
of 200 pesos a month
732
00:53:48,951 --> 00:53:51,500
and in the quarry we offered 600 per week.
733
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:53,600
But no one wanted to work.
734
00:53:55,120 --> 00:53:58,754
How can anyone even imagine
that if I wished to kill someone,
735
00:53:58,838 --> 00:54:01,340
I would shoot them in the leg?
736
00:54:02,880 --> 00:54:07,400
It's way easier to lift the weapon
six inches and hit the abdomen.
737
00:54:07,484 --> 00:54:11,260
Or nine more and hit the chest.
Twelve more and hit the head.
738
00:54:12,080 --> 00:54:14,626
But of course: "Who is the author?"
"Luis Gómez." "Why?"
739
00:54:14,710 --> 00:54:17,640
"Whatever, he's paramilitary
and he's this and that," and so on.
740
00:54:20,560 --> 00:54:22,560
The truth will be revealed.
741
00:54:22,644 --> 00:54:24,480
We had genuine interest in going
742
00:54:24,564 --> 00:54:28,361
and I was not, in any way,
a hitman, as the lawyers say.
743
00:54:28,445 --> 00:54:29,580
I have genuine interest.
744
00:54:29,664 --> 00:54:33,880
Darío Amín and myself formed an LLC
before the event even took place.
745
00:54:35,240 --> 00:54:39,041
So they can't say that we went
to evict them carrying weapons.
746
00:54:39,125 --> 00:54:41,820
They were living there together with us.
747
00:54:41,904 --> 00:54:44,720
Some were born and raised there,
748
00:54:44,804 --> 00:54:47,320
they are still there!
749
00:54:47,404 --> 00:54:49,020
Nobody was looking to evict them.
750
00:54:50,899 --> 00:54:53,540
Here, we are all equal under the law.
751
00:54:53,624 --> 00:54:56,660
So, the whole thing
about being Indigenous, not Indigenous…
752
00:54:57,540 --> 00:54:59,160
The Vikings were Indigenous too
753
00:54:59,244 --> 00:55:02,727
and today we travel to their country,
and it is the First World.
754
00:55:02,811 --> 00:55:04,120
Thank you, Your Honor.
755
00:55:29,066 --> 00:55:31,200
What did "Campo Amigo LLC" mean?
756
00:55:31,840 --> 00:55:34,201
It was the combination
of the two surnames.
757
00:55:34,285 --> 00:55:37,600
"Ami" for Amín, and "go" for Gómez.
758
00:55:37,684 --> 00:55:42,340
The purpose was to exploit that quarry.
759
00:55:43,460 --> 00:55:47,560
The video captures the entire event.
760
00:55:47,644 --> 00:55:53,440
Not only do the images capture it,
but so does the audio recording.
761
00:55:55,160 --> 00:55:56,673
What was Gómez's threat?
762
00:55:56,757 --> 00:55:58,307
"I'll bring you to justice."
763
00:55:58,391 --> 00:56:02,300
Not, "I'll take a gun and shoot you."
764
00:56:03,480 --> 00:56:09,660
Gómez had been carrying a gun since 1979.
765
00:56:10,640 --> 00:56:14,080
He is the founder of Grupo Cero
in Tucumán.
766
00:56:14,164 --> 00:56:19,080
A task force which trained abroad.
767
00:56:19,720 --> 00:56:22,520
Consequently, had Gómez intended to kill,
768
00:56:22,604 --> 00:56:24,020
he would have done so.
769
00:56:28,466 --> 00:56:29,313
What's going on?
770
00:56:29,397 --> 00:56:31,133
I will fuck you up!
771
00:56:34,960 --> 00:56:38,160
We are trained to develop
different brain hemispheres.
772
00:56:38,244 --> 00:56:39,213
What does this mean?
773
00:56:39,297 --> 00:56:43,280
I can talk, think, look,
774
00:56:43,364 --> 00:56:44,921
and analyze at the same time.
775
00:56:45,005 --> 00:56:49,153
Speech is controlled by one part,
thought by another part,
776
00:56:49,237 --> 00:56:51,194
and my movements by another part.
777
00:56:51,278 --> 00:56:55,626
If I don't learn to do two or three
things at the same time,
778
00:56:55,710 --> 00:56:57,380
I won't have…
779
00:56:58,700 --> 00:57:00,800
what I need to be in a special task force.
780
00:57:00,884 --> 00:57:04,960
Out of 100 people who enroll
in a special forces course,
781
00:57:05,044 --> 00:57:07,287
only three to five graduate,
eight at most.
782
00:57:07,371 --> 00:57:11,520
In that sense, I ask you this:
couldn't Gómez have backed up,
783
00:57:11,604 --> 00:57:14,640
walking backwards without losing sight
of the people coming his way?
784
00:57:14,724 --> 00:57:17,421
Couldn't he have moved away…?
785
00:57:17,505 --> 00:57:21,900
Walking backwards is impossible
on the surface I see.
786
00:57:22,400 --> 00:57:25,760
We have a technique to move backwards
787
00:57:25,844 --> 00:57:27,560
where we drag one leg.
788
00:57:28,247 --> 00:57:32,900
If I may, I'll show you our technique
to avoid tripping while walking backwards.
789
00:57:45,920 --> 00:57:48,220
Amín decides to turn to Gómez.
790
00:57:51,200 --> 00:57:54,840
He sees that the legal methods
are going nowhere,
791
00:57:54,924 --> 00:57:59,700
so, at some point, he resolves
to do this through other means.
792
00:58:03,680 --> 00:58:07,160
He doesn't call
an engineer or a geologist.
793
00:58:07,244 --> 00:58:10,040
No, he calls a retired police officer
794
00:58:10,124 --> 00:58:15,541
who, at 31, had been formally accused
eight times of illegal coercion,
795
00:58:15,625 --> 00:58:19,502
threats, robbery, fraud,
aggravated robbery on two occasions
796
00:58:19,586 --> 00:58:20,980
and of very serious injuries.
797
00:58:23,800 --> 00:58:25,900
Gómez brings Valdivieso along.
798
00:58:29,520 --> 00:58:31,720
"The operation is today at 4 p.m.
799
00:58:31,804 --> 00:58:34,606
"Don't tell Mom. I'm shaking all over,
800
00:58:34,690 --> 00:58:36,700
but I trust Luis."
801
00:58:39,546 --> 00:58:41,381
"I trust Luis, four more cops are coming."
802
00:58:41,465 --> 00:58:42,933
"Don't say a word,
803
00:58:43,017 --> 00:58:44,580
only you and I know."
804
00:58:45,520 --> 00:58:50,400
This is a text message
that Amín sent to his brother.
805
00:58:55,400 --> 00:58:58,080
Are you friends or enemies
with the parties in this trial?
806
00:58:58,164 --> 00:59:02,480
I have been a friend of the mother
for 35 years.
807
00:59:02,564 --> 00:59:04,120
Of Mr. Amín's mother?
808
00:59:04,204 --> 00:59:07,040
And I've known the kids
since they were little.
809
00:59:07,124 --> 00:59:10,340
Do you have any interest
in the outcome of the trial?
810
00:59:11,220 --> 00:59:14,420
Only for justice to be served,
nothing personal.
811
00:59:17,786 --> 00:59:23,240
Were the slabs located
within Amín's claimed property?
812
00:59:23,324 --> 00:59:24,300
They were.
813
00:59:25,360 --> 00:59:28,960
As a land surveyor,
along with my topographer,
814
00:59:29,044 --> 00:59:34,580
we took measurements and determined
that the place was within the property.
815
00:59:36,440 --> 00:59:39,220
-Did you see those papers?
-I did.
816
00:59:40,080 --> 00:59:43,440
There were clear legal titles
for that property.
817
00:59:43,524 --> 00:59:45,620
I can attest they are the owners.
818
00:59:48,426 --> 00:59:50,020
Have you seen a house there?
819
00:59:50,840 --> 00:59:53,520
I know people lived further up, yes.
820
00:59:54,960 --> 00:59:57,520
When you say further up, how far exactly?
821
00:59:57,604 --> 00:59:59,220
I can't say.
822
01:00:02,720 --> 01:00:04,180
I can't say.
823
01:00:04,680 --> 01:00:05,820
An estimate.
824
01:00:07,020 --> 01:00:08,780
I have no idea.
825
01:00:08,864 --> 01:00:10,520
I haven't analyzed that.
826
01:00:10,604 --> 01:00:12,100
What do you do?
827
01:00:14,200 --> 01:00:16,440
-I'm a public servant.
-Where?
828
01:00:16,524 --> 01:00:18,520
In the Choromoro rural community.
829
01:00:18,604 --> 01:00:24,460
Please state if you are certain
of who the owners of the property are.
830
01:00:25,560 --> 01:00:26,900
The Amín family.
831
01:00:27,920 --> 01:00:31,780
How do you know
that it belongs to the Amín family?
832
01:00:32,960 --> 01:00:36,040
I'm 47, for as long as I can remember,
833
01:00:36,124 --> 01:00:38,300
I've known the property belongs to them.
834
01:00:39,100 --> 01:00:40,820
Right, but how?
835
01:00:43,240 --> 01:00:46,340
Because of what people say…
836
01:00:47,360 --> 01:00:49,640
People say they own it.
837
01:00:50,646 --> 01:00:52,441
Is the last witness your brother?
838
01:00:52,525 --> 01:00:54,737
-A relative?
-He is my brother.
839
01:00:54,817 --> 01:00:57,640
-Your brother. What do you do?
-I'm a public servant.
840
01:00:57,724 --> 01:00:58,740
Where?
841
01:00:59,240 --> 01:01:02,380
The rural community of Anca Juli.
842
01:01:03,080 --> 01:01:05,960
Let me ask you, if you live there…
843
01:01:06,044 --> 01:01:08,374
You said you were born and raised there.
844
01:01:08,458 --> 01:01:11,780
Is it a choice whether to belong
to the community or not?
845
01:01:13,406 --> 01:01:16,080
I've never been…
846
01:01:16,164 --> 01:01:18,860
I've never agreed
to be part of the community.
847
01:01:20,680 --> 01:01:24,280
So simply living there
and being born there
848
01:01:24,364 --> 01:01:26,440
doesn't make you a member.
849
01:01:26,524 --> 01:01:28,200
-I'm not a member.
-You are not.
850
01:01:28,284 --> 01:01:30,220
-I'm not.
-What about other people?
851
01:01:32,000 --> 01:01:33,920
Do you understand the question?
852
01:01:34,004 --> 01:01:37,160
For example, if a child of yours is born,
853
01:01:37,244 --> 01:01:41,380
are they part or should they do something
to become a member?
854
01:01:42,920 --> 01:01:45,606
-Of the Chuscha community where I live?
-Yes.
855
01:01:45,690 --> 01:01:48,468
I'm part of the community
because I live there.
856
01:01:48,552 --> 01:01:52,040
But I don't belong
to the Chuschagasta Community.
857
01:01:52,124 --> 01:01:54,800
Do you need to enroll or…?
858
01:01:54,884 --> 01:01:57,480
Do you need to engage in activities?
859
01:01:57,564 --> 01:02:00,660
What do you need to do
to be part of the community?
860
01:02:01,200 --> 01:02:03,634
Do you have to share
the work and the yield?
861
01:02:03,718 --> 01:02:04,980
I don't understand.
862
01:02:05,520 --> 01:02:07,240
You are from there.
863
01:02:07,324 --> 01:02:10,880
I was never part
of the Chuschagasta Indigenous Community
864
01:02:10,964 --> 01:02:13,160
as they call themselves.
865
01:02:13,244 --> 01:02:16,640
Honestly, I don't know
if they are truly a community.
866
01:02:16,724 --> 01:02:18,400
I was never a part of it.
867
01:02:19,213 --> 01:02:21,700
Is it by birth or by choice?
868
01:02:22,387 --> 01:02:24,220
Do you understand what I'm asking?
869
01:02:26,040 --> 01:02:27,340
No, no, it's by…
870
01:02:27,886 --> 01:02:30,080
It's by choice.
871
01:02:30,164 --> 01:02:31,180
It's optional.
872
01:02:33,806 --> 01:02:36,213
Mrs. Chiarello.
873
01:02:36,297 --> 01:02:39,340
Silvia Chiarello.
874
01:02:40,480 --> 01:02:42,373
What do you do?
875
01:02:42,457 --> 01:02:46,040
I'm retired but I still work
at the Anca Juli rural community
876
01:02:46,124 --> 01:02:48,640
-I keep collaborating…
-Retired from what?
877
01:02:48,724 --> 01:02:50,620
The Ministry of Interior.
878
01:02:51,480 --> 01:02:54,380
Do you know the parties in the trial?
879
01:02:54,960 --> 01:02:57,600
Only Mr. Amín.
880
01:02:57,684 --> 01:02:59,720
Do you have a friendship, an enmity,
881
01:02:59,804 --> 01:03:03,093
or a vested interest
in the outcome of the case?
882
01:03:03,177 --> 01:03:05,900
None. Absolutely none.
883
01:03:06,440 --> 01:03:08,160
-Madam President?
-Yes?
884
01:03:08,244 --> 01:03:10,400
-Regarding the witness…
-Yes.
885
01:03:10,484 --> 01:03:15,680
The complaints filed against her
are still active.
886
01:03:17,280 --> 01:03:18,920
Let me repeat the question:
887
01:03:19,004 --> 01:03:21,120
-Are you a friend or enemy…?
-No.
888
01:03:21,204 --> 01:03:24,320
-Do you have a stake in either party?
-None.
889
01:03:24,404 --> 01:03:25,720
But I do have to say--
890
01:03:25,804 --> 01:03:28,120
-Are you being sued by a party?
-Yes.
891
01:03:28,204 --> 01:03:29,654
-That part is true.
-Let's see.
892
01:03:29,738 --> 01:03:31,740
The Chuschagasta Community
893
01:03:31,824 --> 01:03:38,000
is suing my brother and me
before the Federal Court.
894
01:03:38,084 --> 01:03:40,720
-What is your brother's name?
-Dante Chiarello.
895
01:03:41,680 --> 01:03:44,334
Are you in any territorial dispute
with the community?
896
01:03:44,418 --> 01:03:49,326
-Maybe a border issue…
-No, none whatsoever.
897
01:03:49,410 --> 01:03:52,800
We have always lived in peace and harmony.
898
01:03:52,884 --> 01:03:57,440
Everybody knows what the limits are,
where the borders are.
899
01:03:57,524 --> 01:04:01,240
They were always good, hardworking people,
900
01:04:01,324 --> 01:04:03,800
just normal folks, equals.
901
01:04:03,884 --> 01:04:05,080
We are all equal.
902
01:04:05,164 --> 01:04:08,360
So, everyone did their thing,
focused on their own work.
903
01:04:08,444 --> 01:04:10,920
But fundamentally, good people.
904
01:04:11,004 --> 01:04:13,920
Yet the community filed the complaint
against you?
905
01:04:14,840 --> 01:04:16,534
Saying that we weren't the rightful owners
906
01:04:16,618 --> 01:04:20,207
and that we were usurping
was an euphemism.
907
01:04:20,291 --> 01:04:23,400
They called us crooks,
abusers, oppressors.
908
01:04:23,484 --> 01:04:26,580
And for me personally,
when I was the commissioner,
909
01:04:26,664 --> 01:04:29,100
who voted for me to win?
910
01:04:29,720 --> 01:04:31,960
Who voted for me to win?
911
01:04:32,044 --> 01:04:37,480
And I've won many times
with the people's vote,
912
01:04:37,564 --> 01:04:40,873
and my elections
were absolutely transparent,
913
01:04:40,957 --> 01:04:42,960
just like my life, counsel.
914
01:04:48,840 --> 01:04:54,220
Mrs. Chiarello was highly regarded
by Mr. Salvador.
915
01:04:56,066 --> 01:05:01,820
He didn't know how to read,
he signed with his fingerprint.
916
01:05:03,293 --> 01:05:07,300
For them, a person like that
was easy to deceive.
917
01:05:11,440 --> 01:05:15,760
They befriend people, build rapport,
and then begin to inquire
918
01:05:15,844 --> 01:05:18,966
about the state of the land, who owns it
919
01:05:19,050 --> 01:05:21,160
and before you know it, it's too late.
920
01:05:33,200 --> 01:05:34,667
If there is no further matter…
921
01:05:34,751 --> 01:05:36,240
Indeed, counsel.
922
01:05:37,400 --> 01:05:40,760
The defense was not informed at any time
923
01:05:40,844 --> 01:05:43,640
that a movie was being filmed.
924
01:05:43,724 --> 01:05:48,920
So, we are working in a kind of circus
for a movie to be made.
925
01:05:49,004 --> 01:05:53,600
I think it would have been prudent
for all of us to have known
926
01:05:53,684 --> 01:05:56,080
that a movie about the case
was being made,
927
01:05:56,164 --> 01:05:58,040
so that this isn't regarded as a circus,
928
01:05:58,124 --> 01:06:02,161
but treated with the seriousness
that this hearing deserves.
929
01:06:02,245 --> 01:06:06,800
No one in this Court
or in this room gives this trial,
930
01:06:06,884 --> 01:06:10,520
which has a unique importance
compared to other processes,
931
01:06:10,604 --> 01:06:13,647
the treatment or tone of a circus.
932
01:06:13,731 --> 01:06:16,120
Let me clarify that with all seriousness.
933
01:06:17,440 --> 01:06:21,980
It's inappropriate to believe
that this Court behaves as such.
934
01:06:22,573 --> 01:06:26,214
This courtroom is open,
as the law mandates,
935
01:06:26,298 --> 01:06:28,560
during an oral and public trial.
936
01:06:28,644 --> 01:06:30,240
It is not for us to decide
937
01:06:30,324 --> 01:06:34,080
what press we like or not
in order to let them in.
938
01:06:34,164 --> 01:06:37,954
In fact, I don't know
the names of the journalists,
939
01:06:38,038 --> 01:06:40,080
nor what outlets they work for.
940
01:07:02,880 --> 01:07:06,100
Never have I pondered life itself.
941
01:07:09,200 --> 01:07:13,220
I only thought about
what I needed to get by.
942
01:07:14,880 --> 01:07:16,080
Not about life itself.
943
01:07:16,164 --> 01:07:17,620
Later on, I did.
944
01:07:18,160 --> 01:07:19,547
As years went by,
945
01:07:19,631 --> 01:07:25,060
I came to understand how I lived
and what life had been like for me.
946
01:07:35,800 --> 01:07:38,446
I worked selling brooms.
947
01:07:38,530 --> 01:07:40,300
And I also shined shoes.
948
01:07:41,113 --> 01:07:44,620
If I made more than three pesos,
that was good money.
949
01:07:45,120 --> 01:07:46,820
I gave it to my mother.
950
01:07:46,904 --> 01:07:48,480
And if the weekend came
951
01:07:48,564 --> 01:07:52,080
and I wanted to go to the movies,
or to the circus,
952
01:07:52,164 --> 01:07:53,820
she would give me money for that.
953
01:07:55,440 --> 01:07:59,580
My favorite was the one in Ben-Hur.
954
01:08:02,480 --> 01:08:03,860
Charlton Heston.
955
01:08:10,600 --> 01:08:15,300
When I was nine or ten, I lost my mother.
956
01:08:16,080 --> 01:08:19,080
I was left like a ship without a rudder.
957
01:08:21,509 --> 01:08:23,682
In her room,
958
01:08:23,766 --> 01:08:26,940
I had dug up a hole and hidden a can.
959
01:08:27,500 --> 01:08:28,840
When I returned every afternoon,
960
01:08:28,924 --> 01:08:32,020
I would put the two or three pesos
I had left over in it.
961
01:08:33,240 --> 01:08:34,740
I started saving.
962
01:08:37,240 --> 01:08:41,720
Since the trains came into the station,
it was full of vendors.
963
01:08:41,804 --> 01:08:47,620
I'd sell newspapers,
magazines, or even apples.
964
01:08:49,400 --> 01:08:53,280
I remember that when I turned 13,
I started cutting sugar cane.
965
01:08:58,360 --> 01:09:00,240
The closure will mean the loss of land
966
01:09:00,324 --> 01:09:03,520
and the migration of thousands
of people from Tucumán
967
01:09:03,604 --> 01:09:06,940
who won't be able to do anything
in the province…
968
01:09:08,120 --> 01:09:13,540
I moved to Buenos Aires
after the sugar mills closed in 1966.
969
01:09:14,200 --> 01:09:17,880
And there began
my pilgrimage to find work.
970
01:09:20,200 --> 01:09:22,720
I moved to a boarding house.
971
01:09:23,800 --> 01:09:27,733
There were many old boarding houses
that were inexpensive,
972
01:09:27,817 --> 01:09:30,260
but you had to share
a room with five people
973
01:09:31,800 --> 01:09:35,900
who would come for work and then stay.
974
01:09:38,200 --> 01:09:41,801
I first worked with a Chilean,
then with someone from Tucumán.
975
01:09:41,885 --> 01:09:45,466
"The kid knows a bit about plaster,
take him along."
976
01:09:45,550 --> 01:09:47,193
"He's looking for a job."
977
01:09:47,277 --> 01:09:49,540
"Alright, be ready tomorrow."
978
01:09:52,720 --> 01:09:57,900
I made a fortune
building plaster wardrobes.
979
01:09:58,800 --> 01:10:02,300
Of course, I liked making money,
980
01:10:02,800 --> 01:10:05,060
but I also began to like the trade.
981
01:10:09,080 --> 01:10:10,720
I didn't find it heavy going.
982
01:10:13,640 --> 01:10:17,240
I had already done harder things.
983
01:10:24,200 --> 01:10:26,200
That trade could lead me anywhere.
984
01:10:28,026 --> 01:10:32,320
The bigger the town, the more work I had,
985
01:10:33,633 --> 01:10:35,460
because there was more construction.
986
01:10:41,440 --> 01:10:44,380
There were these Uruguayans
987
01:10:45,320 --> 01:10:47,080
with whom I played soccer.
988
01:10:47,164 --> 01:10:51,580
I told them I was from Tucumán,
so they called me "Diaguita."
989
01:10:56,267 --> 01:11:00,613
That was the first time I thought
990
01:11:00,697 --> 01:11:02,740
that I could be Indigenous.
991
01:11:07,920 --> 01:11:11,280
The problem started in 1975
992
01:11:11,364 --> 01:11:13,880
with the inflation and the price spikes.
993
01:11:13,964 --> 01:11:18,500
To get away from it,
I decided to spend a month in Tucumán.
994
01:11:20,178 --> 01:11:24,260
I came on my own, as I usually did.
995
01:11:28,120 --> 01:11:29,580
Cirilo Balderrama.
996
01:11:31,520 --> 01:11:32,620
My father.
997
01:11:33,240 --> 01:11:36,313
I didn't know where he lived,
or who he was.
998
01:11:37,120 --> 01:11:39,067
He sent me half a cheese wheel.
999
01:11:39,627 --> 01:11:40,914
And I took it.
1000
01:11:42,320 --> 01:11:45,180
"Go meet him, he's your family,"
they said.
1001
01:11:49,146 --> 01:11:53,540
I was born in Zárate Norte,
right at the exit of San Pedro.
1002
01:11:56,120 --> 01:11:58,700
So I was familiar with the area.
1003
01:12:00,686 --> 01:12:06,186
Thanks to the directions I had,
I made it to Cirilo's house.
1004
01:12:09,080 --> 01:12:11,547
It wasn't a grand ceremony, so to speak.
1005
01:12:11,631 --> 01:12:14,940
We shook hands and that was it.
1006
01:12:18,253 --> 01:12:21,300
I had come just to meet him
and then leave.
1007
01:12:22,840 --> 01:12:28,000
But they mentioned some problems with Amín
1008
01:12:28,084 --> 01:12:31,700
who was charging grazing fees
and taking their animals away.
1009
01:12:38,000 --> 01:12:42,140
This is the remainder of La Higuera Estate
1010
01:12:42,973 --> 01:12:47,380
which was supposedly owned
by Francisco Colombres.
1011
01:12:49,000 --> 01:12:55,020
He would order:
"Go put a marker on that tree,
1012
01:12:55,920 --> 01:12:58,613
and on that other," and so on.
1013
01:12:58,697 --> 01:13:00,153
That's how they seized it.
1014
01:13:03,253 --> 01:13:07,540
They behaved like landowners,
but didn't have the deeds.
1015
01:13:13,093 --> 01:13:16,254
Part of this estate was sold over and over
1016
01:13:16,338 --> 01:13:18,540
until it landed
in the hands of the Amín family.
1017
01:13:21,960 --> 01:13:24,320
We spent more than 40 years
1018
01:13:24,404 --> 01:13:28,860
filing requests and writing letters
1019
01:13:29,640 --> 01:13:35,380
to different entities
asking to solve the land issues.
1020
01:13:36,040 --> 01:13:42,500
Everyone was getting lawsuits
and threats, eviction attempts.
1021
01:13:43,133 --> 01:13:45,400
They took everything they could.
1022
01:13:45,484 --> 01:13:48,840
They confiscated goats, cows, horses.
1023
01:13:49,620 --> 01:13:51,860
Later, they came for the crops.
1024
01:13:51,944 --> 01:13:54,760
We started sharing the harvest.
1025
01:13:54,844 --> 01:13:58,320
They did give us materials
to sow, it's true,
1026
01:13:58,404 --> 01:14:02,740
but they took advantage of people
and kept the harvest, the profits.
1027
01:14:08,760 --> 01:14:10,680
Cirilo, my father, told me,
1028
01:14:10,764 --> 01:14:15,940
they had spoken many times
to the Governor, Juri "the Turk,"
1029
01:14:16,446 --> 01:14:20,667
who said he would expropriate
the estate in favor of the people here.
1030
01:14:22,960 --> 01:14:26,573
They would not give up the land for free.
Payment was required.
1031
01:14:28,400 --> 01:14:30,420
The land was indeed expropriated,
1032
01:14:31,640 --> 01:14:34,220
but despite that,
they never handed it over.
1033
01:14:37,600 --> 01:14:42,394
I started investigating
until I got the plans
1034
01:14:42,478 --> 01:14:44,780
from the Bureau
of State-Owned Real Estate.
1035
01:14:45,439 --> 01:14:49,146
There, I saw that all the families
1036
01:14:49,230 --> 01:14:53,060
were located within government-owned land.
1037
01:14:53,566 --> 01:14:54,860
State-owned estate.
1038
01:14:59,280 --> 01:15:02,060
I already had a ticket
to go back to Buenos Aires.
1039
01:15:02,640 --> 01:15:06,740
I could have left them on their own,
said it was their problem.
1040
01:15:07,560 --> 01:15:10,180
But I felt that I was part of this.
1041
01:15:11,120 --> 01:15:12,900
So I decided to stay.
1042
01:15:16,920 --> 01:15:19,660
It's something intangible.
1043
01:15:21,160 --> 01:15:22,880
It's a feeling
1044
01:15:22,964 --> 01:15:25,340
that's been welling up inside me,
I don't know when.
1045
01:17:03,600 --> 01:17:04,660
Look up.
1046
01:17:05,253 --> 01:17:08,640
That painting shows
1047
01:17:08,724 --> 01:17:12,260
when the Indigenous
attempted to break into the city.
1048
01:17:12,773 --> 01:17:15,240
See how these angels
1049
01:17:15,324 --> 01:17:18,640
fought to keep the Indigenous out,
1050
01:17:18,724 --> 01:17:22,680
and they sent these beams
to scare them away.
1051
01:17:23,600 --> 01:17:26,640
Tucumán was inhabited
by different peoples.
1052
01:17:26,724 --> 01:17:30,840
They practiced agriculture,
but war was their passion.
1053
01:17:30,924 --> 01:17:32,360
They loved fighting.
1054
01:17:32,444 --> 01:17:34,600
It is also said they were good athletes.
1055
01:17:35,120 --> 01:17:38,960
Back then, the North of Argentina
was one big province
1056
01:17:39,044 --> 01:17:41,080
called Salta de Tucumán.
1057
01:17:41,164 --> 01:17:44,781
It was composed by Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán…
1058
01:17:44,865 --> 01:17:51,280
Listening to him,
you realize how convinced he is
1059
01:17:51,364 --> 01:17:55,980
that even God wants to erase us for good.
1060
01:17:56,720 --> 01:17:58,920
The same God we believe in now
1061
01:17:59,600 --> 01:18:04,060
was against us, like the painting shows.
1062
01:18:05,800 --> 01:18:09,620
It's hard to make these people understand.
1063
01:18:09,704 --> 01:18:14,060
It's sad because the Argentine State
was created that way.
1064
01:18:14,720 --> 01:18:18,260
Establishing that we are bad.
1065
01:18:20,560 --> 01:18:25,420
Members from other communities
1066
01:18:26,120 --> 01:18:27,020
don't believe in God.
1067
01:18:27,104 --> 01:18:30,400
-They don't…
-Exactly.
1068
01:18:30,484 --> 01:18:33,020
Meaning, they have other beliefs.
1069
01:18:34,080 --> 01:18:36,540
José was baptized there.
1070
01:19:17,140 --> 01:19:19,641
-How far did you go in school?
-Second grade.
1071
01:19:19,725 --> 01:19:22,101
-Second grade?
-Javier finished third grade.
1072
01:19:22,813 --> 01:19:24,300
There were no more grades.
1073
01:19:25,720 --> 01:19:29,380
It would take us an hour,
an hour and a half on foot.
1074
01:19:29,920 --> 01:19:31,140
We would walk there.
1075
01:19:44,640 --> 01:19:47,873
"What can you draw
that starts with letter 'I'?"
1076
01:19:48,440 --> 01:19:49,500
"An Indian."
1077
01:19:50,760 --> 01:19:53,820
"So, draw a person. An Indian."
1078
01:19:55,200 --> 01:19:59,540
Some of us would draw it
standing with the bow and arrow.
1079
01:20:00,059 --> 01:20:02,373
Others with the Argentine bola.
1080
01:20:02,457 --> 01:20:06,860
The more skilled ones
would draw him riding a horse.
1081
01:20:10,433 --> 01:20:11,773
Back then,
1082
01:20:11,857 --> 01:20:16,220
my mom, my older brothers and grown-ups
would handle the lawsuits.
1083
01:20:16,720 --> 01:20:19,240
People would try to evict us,
1084
01:20:19,324 --> 01:20:23,880
while at school we were being taught
about who discovered America.
1085
01:20:23,964 --> 01:20:26,688
About the Santa María,
La Niña and La Pinta.
1086
01:20:26,772 --> 01:20:28,980
The heroes of the Nation.
1087
01:20:32,720 --> 01:20:36,980
They never taught us
that we were actually Indigenous.
1088
01:20:38,360 --> 01:20:40,660
They never taught us about our rights.
1089
01:20:52,720 --> 01:20:55,180
We were taught what the books said.
1090
01:20:56,920 --> 01:21:01,620
That this country
had been inhabited by Indigenous peoples.
1091
01:21:04,306 --> 01:21:07,660
Very little was said about the fact
that Indigenous peoples still inhabit it.
1092
01:21:09,160 --> 01:21:10,980
That we are still here.
1093
01:21:16,320 --> 01:21:19,700
The river has been swollen for three days.
1094
01:21:20,880 --> 01:21:24,760
The kids are sheltering
at the Ñorco school.
1095
01:21:25,520 --> 01:21:28,380
They couldn't cross the river.
1096
01:21:33,313 --> 01:21:37,640
We come from a people
that has been erased for years.
1097
01:21:37,724 --> 01:21:40,547
Our history has been distorted,
turned upside-down.
1098
01:21:40,631 --> 01:21:44,160
They have even stripped us
of our language,
1099
01:21:44,244 --> 01:21:45,880
but we do exist.
1100
01:21:45,964 --> 01:21:52,760
That teacher has made sacrifices
to be able to graduate and work.
1101
01:21:52,844 --> 01:21:57,240
Sadly, he needs to teach this
because that's what the job mandates.
1102
01:21:59,160 --> 01:22:03,473
It's likely that we don't teach
a lot about Indigenous peoples
1103
01:22:03,557 --> 01:22:07,160
because the priority is world history.
1104
01:22:07,960 --> 01:22:11,960
We must teach the curriculum
provided by the State.
1105
01:22:12,044 --> 01:22:16,540
So what they tell us to prioritize,
that's what we have to teach.
1106
01:22:17,720 --> 01:22:21,660
We see nowadays
that kids do finish high-school.
1107
01:22:22,600 --> 01:22:25,753
But then you see a marked depopulation.
1108
01:22:25,837 --> 01:22:31,120
And I see an inconsistency,
like a contradiction, right?
1109
01:22:31,204 --> 01:22:33,000
The struggle for the land
1110
01:22:33,084 --> 01:22:35,459
and at the same time, the depopulation.
1111
01:22:35,543 --> 01:22:38,820
Why would you fight for a land
that you are not going to use?
1112
01:22:47,246 --> 01:22:51,540
We Indigenous peoples do exist
and we have the right to live on our land.
1113
01:22:54,120 --> 01:22:56,100
And that's how the community began.
1114
01:23:00,520 --> 01:23:03,460
First, by obtaining the legal entity.
1115
01:23:04,353 --> 01:23:06,340
Holding the actual documents,
1116
01:23:07,840 --> 01:23:09,180
and not giving up.
1117
01:23:12,280 --> 01:23:14,380
Not leaving our land.
1118
01:23:15,906 --> 01:23:17,573
Having discussions.
1119
01:23:19,480 --> 01:23:21,460
Listening to the someone's opinion.
1120
01:23:22,040 --> 01:23:23,940
And then someone else's.
1121
01:23:25,800 --> 01:23:27,500
Knowing where we all stand.
1122
01:23:29,133 --> 01:23:31,300
Because history starts here.
1123
01:23:34,873 --> 01:23:37,340
They say: "We own this land."
1124
01:23:39,060 --> 01:23:41,980
But, as I say,
the paper doesn't question the pen.
1125
01:23:44,493 --> 01:23:48,060
To me, they took advantage
of other people's labor.
1126
01:23:50,000 --> 01:23:52,740
That's what Cafrune says in his song.
1127
01:23:55,840 --> 01:23:57,660
Work is a good thing
1128
01:23:57,744 --> 01:23:59,900
It's life's best
1129
01:24:00,419 --> 01:24:04,920
But life is lost at work
In someone else's ranch
1130
01:24:05,004 --> 01:24:10,060
Some work like thunder
While others enjoy the rain
1131
01:24:10,639 --> 01:24:14,767
The rancher boasts
Of gaucho ways and arrogance
1132
01:24:14,851 --> 01:24:18,920
He believes it's extravagance
For his ranch hand to live a cut above
1133
01:24:19,004 --> 01:24:20,839
But the gentleman doesn't know
1134
01:24:20,923 --> 01:24:24,020
That his ranch hand is the reason
His ranch endures its season
1135
01:24:25,360 --> 01:24:28,580
That's the way of the land.
It belongs to those who work it.
1136
01:24:29,840 --> 01:24:32,540
They might say:
"They are lazy, they don't work."
1137
01:24:34,139 --> 01:24:37,640
I think that those who live with us,
1138
01:24:37,724 --> 01:24:42,860
they know how we live,
what we do and why we do it.
1139
01:24:44,073 --> 01:24:47,380
And those who don't live here,
they don't know.
1140
01:24:50,073 --> 01:24:50,973
They don't know.
1141
01:25:03,120 --> 01:25:04,540
Come here, little one.
1142
01:25:30,840 --> 01:25:34,100
These are my sisters, Luisa and Antonia.
1143
01:25:37,080 --> 01:25:40,294
The older one got married
and moved to Buenos Aires.
1144
01:25:40,378 --> 01:25:42,840
She left in 1954.
1145
01:25:44,020 --> 01:25:47,620
Her husband worked at a foundry.
1146
01:25:48,500 --> 01:25:49,880
He was a metalworker.
1147
01:25:51,760 --> 01:25:54,340
She worked in a sewing workshop.
1148
01:25:55,680 --> 01:25:58,860
They used to send clothes to Tucumán.
1149
01:26:00,080 --> 01:26:02,180
Stores like Casa Heredia or Gath and Chaves…
1150
01:26:02,680 --> 01:26:04,180
They don't exist anymore.
1151
01:26:05,600 --> 01:26:06,700
They were good clothes.
1152
01:26:09,800 --> 01:26:12,400
My sister Luisa was a Peronist.
1153
01:26:12,484 --> 01:26:13,900
Antonia too.
1154
01:26:14,800 --> 01:26:19,880
She complained,
saying she hadn't had a breaded cutlet
1155
01:26:19,964 --> 01:26:21,420
since Perón's times.
1156
01:26:25,120 --> 01:26:28,740
"The last breaded cutlet I had
was with Perón," she said.
1157
01:26:31,887 --> 01:26:35,500
I was 12 or 13 when I left,
I don't remember.
1158
01:26:36,026 --> 01:26:38,060
That's when they sent me to Buenos Aires.
1159
01:26:38,960 --> 01:26:42,860
Since my sister was pregnant,
I had to take care of the other baby.
1160
01:26:45,640 --> 01:26:50,020
I had to wash his diapers,
his baby clothes, and bathe him.
1161
01:26:52,200 --> 01:26:54,920
But I didn't hang out or play with him.
1162
01:26:55,004 --> 01:26:56,060
I didn't like that.
1163
01:27:00,560 --> 01:27:05,160
Then, I looked for another job
cleaning houses.
1164
01:27:06,019 --> 01:27:09,200
The neighborhood was Villa Urquiza,
in the city of Buenos Aires.
1165
01:27:11,440 --> 01:27:17,180
I had to work in different houses
for three, four, two hours and so on.
1166
01:27:18,400 --> 01:27:23,060
I was always running
to catch the bus or the train.
1167
01:27:24,520 --> 01:27:26,020
But it paid well.
1168
01:27:28,360 --> 01:27:30,900
They are Clarisa and Fermina.
1169
01:27:31,700 --> 01:27:33,420
They were from Chasquivil.
1170
01:27:34,320 --> 01:27:37,120
Right after school,
they moved to the city to work.
1171
01:27:38,960 --> 01:27:42,500
They didn't play,
but took a photo pretending to.
1172
01:27:47,720 --> 01:27:49,420
Guillermina Olivar.
1173
01:27:50,720 --> 01:27:52,180
What a dress, right?
1174
01:27:53,080 --> 01:27:56,479
She was also raised with us in the house.
1175
01:27:56,563 --> 01:27:59,820
She became a domestic worker,
I don't know what became of her.
1176
01:28:02,120 --> 01:28:03,500
That's me.
1177
01:28:04,320 --> 01:28:08,420
I might be 17 or 18, I'm not sure.
1178
01:28:09,240 --> 01:28:11,020
I was a housekeeper.
1179
01:28:14,880 --> 01:28:19,299
Those of us who lived in
had Thursday afternoons off
1180
01:28:19,383 --> 01:28:21,860
to do some shopping or go out.
1181
01:28:24,396 --> 01:28:27,900
And back to work in the evening.
1182
01:28:30,760 --> 01:28:34,420
Work in the mountain
is very different from the city.
1183
01:28:34,920 --> 01:28:37,920
I felt embarrassed
because I didn't know how to clean well.
1184
01:28:40,000 --> 01:28:43,300
There was no flooring in rural homes.
There is now!
1185
01:28:44,240 --> 01:28:45,380
But not back then.
1186
01:28:47,140 --> 01:28:51,080
The boss one day came to me and said:
"Hi, María, here's your payment,
1187
01:28:51,164 --> 01:28:52,840
but you can't work here anymore."
1188
01:28:52,924 --> 01:28:54,260
I asked her why.
1189
01:28:57,040 --> 01:29:00,380
The front door was white.
1190
01:29:01,540 --> 01:29:04,140
And I didn't know
it needed cleaning every day.
1191
01:29:05,480 --> 01:29:08,860
"Tell me how to do it,
and I will do as you say,
1192
01:29:09,760 --> 01:29:11,393
if you want me to continue."
1193
01:29:11,477 --> 01:29:12,860
And I kept working.
1194
01:29:13,440 --> 01:29:15,680
From then on, I did as she said.
1195
01:29:19,360 --> 01:29:20,700
Francisco, my brother.
1196
01:29:21,440 --> 01:29:23,780
He also went to Buenos Aires to work.
1197
01:29:23,864 --> 01:29:26,500
In Sudamtex, a textile factory.
1198
01:29:27,560 --> 01:29:30,180
He worked there for like 15 years.
1199
01:29:31,600 --> 01:29:34,660
Now he lives in Chuscha with his family.
1200
01:29:37,080 --> 01:29:38,561
That's you, Dad.
1201
01:29:38,645 --> 01:29:39,846
Is that me?
1202
01:29:39,930 --> 01:29:41,020
Of course!
1203
01:29:42,080 --> 01:29:43,193
Yes.
1204
01:29:43,277 --> 01:29:44,400
That's me.
1205
01:29:46,040 --> 01:29:47,340
That's also me.
1206
01:29:49,920 --> 01:29:52,060
It wasn't hard to find a job.
1207
01:29:54,160 --> 01:29:56,173
Many used to leave.
1208
01:29:56,257 --> 01:29:57,560
Many young people.
1209
01:29:58,926 --> 01:30:02,120
Not only from Tucumán,
but also from other provinces.
1210
01:30:07,280 --> 01:30:12,380
This man in the white shirt
used to live up in the mountains.
1211
01:30:13,600 --> 01:30:16,060
He was a police officer in Buenos Aires.
1212
01:30:17,686 --> 01:30:20,380
He died a long time ago.
1213
01:30:23,859 --> 01:30:26,620
That's a friend of mine from Corrientes.
1214
01:30:27,880 --> 01:30:29,620
We became friends.
1215
01:30:36,066 --> 01:30:39,220
We celebrated together,
we visited each other.
1216
01:30:41,560 --> 01:30:43,060
We were homesick.
1217
01:30:54,920 --> 01:30:57,100
-That's Aunt María.
-Auntie.
1218
01:30:58,173 --> 01:31:01,520
Because we learned
that it's harder on our own.
1219
01:31:01,604 --> 01:31:02,701
She looks so pretty.
1220
01:31:02,785 --> 01:31:07,920
We need each other
to start building national unity…
1221
01:31:08,004 --> 01:31:09,700
I don't like Buenos Aires.
1222
01:31:10,280 --> 01:31:11,820
I don't like the weather.
1223
01:31:16,400 --> 01:31:18,600
That's my sister Delfina.
1224
01:31:18,684 --> 01:31:20,260
Nancy's mother.
1225
01:31:20,800 --> 01:31:23,680
My brother gave her that fabric.
1226
01:31:23,764 --> 01:31:27,567
I guess they must have sold him
the remnants from the factory.
1227
01:31:27,651 --> 01:31:30,000
It was pink.
1228
01:31:32,360 --> 01:31:33,540
She died.
1229
01:31:34,720 --> 01:31:39,300
So I raised my son and Nancy together.
1230
01:31:41,560 --> 01:31:46,660
I bartered knitted garments
for the tuition fees.
1231
01:31:49,720 --> 01:31:52,340
Young girls aren't like that now.
1232
01:31:52,880 --> 01:31:54,794
They aren't interested in crafts.
1233
01:31:54,878 --> 01:31:56,213
Can you weave?
1234
01:31:56,297 --> 01:31:58,793
-No.
-What about knitting?
1235
01:31:58,877 --> 01:32:00,980
-What about you?
-I can't.
1236
01:32:01,653 --> 01:32:04,321
-You both work as maids, right?
-Yes.
1237
01:32:04,405 --> 01:32:06,113
But I've always been treated well.
1238
01:32:06,197 --> 01:32:08,320
-I've never had any problems.
-Right.
1239
01:32:08,404 --> 01:32:09,520
Yeah.
1240
01:32:09,604 --> 01:32:12,360
Now I work in Chuscha.
1241
01:32:12,444 --> 01:32:15,020
And I come home on the weekends.
1242
01:32:15,880 --> 01:32:18,280
-Have you finished high school?
-I have.
1243
01:32:22,320 --> 01:32:23,340
Grandma.
1244
01:32:26,106 --> 01:32:27,700
That's life.
1245
01:32:29,020 --> 01:32:32,899
You learn to move around in the city,
working there.
1246
01:32:32,983 --> 01:32:35,926
Judges' houses, lawyers',
1247
01:32:36,010 --> 01:32:40,506
teachers', doctors' houses.
1248
01:32:41,160 --> 01:32:45,120
When I turned 18,
I wanted to leave that behind
1249
01:32:45,204 --> 01:32:47,680
and work on my own.
1250
01:32:51,240 --> 01:32:56,380
I'd go to the cemetery at 5 a.m.
to sell flowers.
1251
01:32:57,520 --> 01:33:00,540
On Father's Day and Mother's Day,
1252
01:33:01,040 --> 01:33:02,740
I'd sell a lot of carnations.
1253
01:33:04,286 --> 01:33:08,460
Then, I worked selling ice cream.
1254
01:33:18,879 --> 01:33:21,700
-Where's your house?
-Over there.
1255
01:33:21,784 --> 01:33:24,140
-Huh?
-It is over there.
1256
01:33:24,960 --> 01:33:26,601
Here's the turn, look.
1257
01:33:26,685 --> 01:33:29,273
-Oh, you're right.
-That way.
1258
01:33:29,357 --> 01:33:31,920
All the way, I used to go all the way.
1259
01:33:32,004 --> 01:33:34,040
And from there, down.
1260
01:33:34,124 --> 01:33:36,100
The path to go see you.
1261
01:33:38,047 --> 01:33:39,480
All that.
1262
01:33:57,160 --> 01:34:00,440
I hope that our children and those to come
1263
01:34:00,524 --> 01:34:03,980
don't have to go through what we faced.
1264
01:34:05,027 --> 01:34:06,133
And that would be…
1265
01:34:06,217 --> 01:34:07,580
And we're all together.
1266
01:34:16,200 --> 01:34:17,520
I'm tired.
1267
01:34:18,873 --> 01:34:20,700
Let's rest up a bit. It's hot.
1268
01:34:21,966 --> 01:34:25,180
-Where should we build our house?
-Over there I think.
1269
01:34:25,264 --> 01:34:27,580
Close to that one but farther up.
1270
01:34:29,280 --> 01:34:32,260
See how the grass is growing? Look.
1271
01:34:32,344 --> 01:34:34,361
-Where?
-Over there, that's it.
1272
01:34:34,445 --> 01:34:36,681
-I see. It's dry.
-Yes.
1273
01:34:36,765 --> 01:34:39,280
You have to dig that little edge.
1274
01:34:39,364 --> 01:34:42,320
But I was thinking
of a small excavation first.
1275
01:34:42,404 --> 01:34:45,060
And from there, then… fill all that in.
1276
01:34:45,560 --> 01:34:46,820
Then we can build.
1277
01:34:47,480 --> 01:34:51,020
We should take the way up
like the school kids, look.
1278
01:34:51,104 --> 01:34:52,540
From there, the plateau,
1279
01:34:53,640 --> 01:34:56,160
you can see everything,
1280
01:34:56,244 --> 01:34:58,841
when they go to school
and when they leave.
1281
01:34:58,925 --> 01:35:02,300
We can build two rooms…
1282
01:35:12,940 --> 01:35:15,200
Was there phone reception?
How far did it go?
1283
01:35:15,284 --> 01:35:17,860
-How far did it go?
-Up to the churqui tree.
1284
01:35:18,946 --> 01:35:20,726
-Up to the churqui.
-All the way there?
1285
01:35:20,810 --> 01:35:22,560
-Here too.
-Here too?
1286
01:35:22,644 --> 01:35:24,800
-The whole area.
-But is it good?
1287
01:35:24,884 --> 01:35:26,060
Yes, 4G.
1288
01:35:26,144 --> 01:35:28,511
-Really?
-But it doesn't work very well.
1289
01:35:28,595 --> 01:35:30,132
You're out of credit.
1290
01:35:30,216 --> 01:35:33,380
-No credit?
-I topped it up yesterday.
1291
01:35:34,180 --> 01:35:36,720
Remember the goats you saw over there?
1292
01:35:36,804 --> 01:35:39,334
-Whose were they?
-Ovando's, they left.
1293
01:35:39,418 --> 01:35:42,840
-I think there's two still here.
-Over there, look.
1294
01:35:53,333 --> 01:35:55,060
Good afternoon, everyone.
1295
01:35:56,960 --> 01:35:58,587
Can you hear me?
1296
01:35:58,671 --> 01:35:59,512
Yes.
1297
01:36:00,120 --> 01:36:01,300
Is it recording?
1298
01:36:03,353 --> 01:36:04,887
-Yes?
-Take the floor, counsel.
1299
01:36:04,971 --> 01:36:06,340
Thank you very much.
1300
01:36:06,920 --> 01:36:11,400
I will try to get to the point,
it's been a long day
1301
01:36:11,484 --> 01:36:14,880
and we have gone over the events
multiple times.
1302
01:36:14,964 --> 01:36:19,161
At this trial we all know what happened
1303
01:36:19,245 --> 01:36:23,940
and we saw it play out in this Court.
1304
01:36:25,000 --> 01:36:28,040
We have had the chance
to see people pass through
1305
01:36:28,124 --> 01:36:31,361
trying to highlight
the rights of the Indigenous.
1306
01:36:31,445 --> 01:36:34,759
I greatly respect the rights
they might have,
1307
01:36:34,843 --> 01:36:37,200
but in this case, the subject of debate
1308
01:36:37,284 --> 01:36:39,760
is not their right to the lands.
1309
01:36:39,844 --> 01:36:42,980
In fact, it's not proven
that they own the land.
1310
01:36:44,486 --> 01:36:46,800
These people arrived peacefully,
1311
01:36:47,920 --> 01:36:52,120
and they found themselves
cornered, locked in and besieged,
1312
01:36:52,204 --> 01:36:56,060
by those who now call themselves
a community.
1313
01:36:57,280 --> 01:36:58,921
Who took away their weapons?
1314
01:36:59,005 --> 01:37:03,860
Was it only Superman Cata
who took them all?
1315
01:37:05,480 --> 01:37:08,000
During the reconstruction,
1316
01:37:08,084 --> 01:37:11,220
he clearly states
that he grabbed the weapon.
1317
01:37:12,360 --> 01:37:15,905
Delfín Cata could have easily
pulled the trigger
1318
01:37:15,989 --> 01:37:18,740
that caused the death of Mr. Chocobar.
1319
01:37:23,266 --> 01:37:28,060
To paraphrase historian
Carlos Páez de la Torre Jr.,
1320
01:37:29,760 --> 01:37:32,720
in an article from the newspaper La Gaceta
1321
01:37:32,804 --> 01:37:37,237
this historian expresses that in 1807
1322
01:37:37,321 --> 01:37:39,480
it was officially declared
1323
01:37:39,564 --> 01:37:42,460
that the Chuschagasta Community
was extinct.
1324
01:37:43,593 --> 01:37:44,940
Did I write that?
1325
01:37:46,920 --> 01:37:50,080
It's the first time that I hear
that this article
1326
01:37:50,164 --> 01:37:54,313
has had an impact
other than somebody reading it.
1327
01:37:54,397 --> 01:37:55,240
How remarkable!
1328
01:37:57,320 --> 01:37:59,200
I wrote it just to add some flair,
1329
01:37:59,284 --> 01:38:01,541
to depict an auction back in those days.
1330
01:38:01,625 --> 01:38:04,086
But I don't remember
the moment I wrote it.
1331
01:38:04,170 --> 01:38:06,480
I write every day, imagine that.
1332
01:38:08,320 --> 01:38:12,360
If I had to research every day
to write this stuff, I would die.
1333
01:38:17,193 --> 01:38:21,487
The lands were vacant,
completely uninhabited.
1334
01:38:21,571 --> 01:38:22,800
And…
1335
01:38:22,884 --> 01:38:24,640
we are talking about the Chuschas,
1336
01:38:25,560 --> 01:38:29,320
as they were called Chuschas,
not Chuschagasta.
1337
01:38:29,404 --> 01:38:31,913
It was a place where nothing existed.
1338
01:38:31,997 --> 01:38:35,000
This is confirmed
by the Registry of the Title III
1339
01:38:35,084 --> 01:38:37,373
in the Historical Provincial Archives.
1340
01:38:37,457 --> 01:38:42,120
It's certified and included in the book
written by Perilli de Colombres,
1341
01:38:42,204 --> 01:38:45,147
whom this defense tried
to get to come here to explain.
1342
01:38:45,231 --> 01:38:47,607
There's not much to explain about
1343
01:38:47,691 --> 01:38:50,460
where the name Chuschagasta comes from.
1344
01:38:52,980 --> 01:38:54,640
It comes from "chuschas,"
1345
01:38:54,724 --> 01:38:58,720
we say "chuschar"
when we want to pull someone's hair.
1346
01:38:58,804 --> 01:39:01,540
And for the Indigenous peoples,
1347
01:39:02,120 --> 01:39:04,813
their hair was a symbol of…
1348
01:39:04,897 --> 01:39:06,720
pride.
1349
01:39:06,804 --> 01:39:09,301
So they were called the Chuschagasta,
1350
01:39:09,385 --> 01:39:13,440
which means "the people with the hair."
1351
01:39:16,000 --> 01:39:20,960
We try to follow
the evolution of the lands
1352
01:39:21,044 --> 01:39:23,840
from the first owners.
1353
01:39:23,924 --> 01:39:26,600
We are talking about when the…
1354
01:39:26,684 --> 01:39:28,507
First there were Indigenous towns,
1355
01:39:28,591 --> 01:39:33,320
but later there were the Spanish owners
and their descendants.
1356
01:39:33,404 --> 01:39:36,300
And we try to trace it to the present day
1357
01:39:37,840 --> 01:39:42,080
because many families
still own those lands.
1358
01:39:50,347 --> 01:39:56,940
The Trancas area was populated
by many Indigenous groups.
1359
01:39:59,440 --> 01:40:02,160
According to the Spanish colonial law,
1360
01:40:03,240 --> 01:40:07,620
all Indigenous peoples were to have land.
1361
01:40:11,600 --> 01:40:14,200
Jacinto Chocobar is the flag bearer!
1362
01:40:14,284 --> 01:40:17,841
The banner is carried by Daniel Mamani!
1363
01:40:17,925 --> 01:40:19,640
Perico Balderrama!
1364
01:40:19,724 --> 01:40:21,460
Julián Balderrama!
1365
01:40:29,280 --> 01:40:32,120
Trancas and Burruyacu
1366
01:40:32,204 --> 01:40:36,480
were the defense zones
against the Indigenous peoples.
1367
01:40:39,006 --> 01:40:41,626
They would raid the estates,
take the livestock,
1368
01:40:41,710 --> 01:40:44,140
steal women, children.
1369
01:40:44,880 --> 01:40:46,320
They were ferocious.
1370
01:40:46,404 --> 01:40:49,160
The gauchos of our motherland!
1371
01:40:49,244 --> 01:40:50,800
Of our Argentina!
1372
01:40:55,573 --> 01:41:00,580
The Indigenous peoples
took part in the Independence struggles,
1373
01:41:01,120 --> 01:41:03,640
but they were somehow silenced.
1374
01:41:03,724 --> 01:41:06,260
Their voice doesn't appear again.
1375
01:41:18,300 --> 01:41:22,760
In 1808, a man, Nicolás Molina,
1376
01:41:22,844 --> 01:41:27,180
came forward demanding
that the lands be sold to him.
1377
01:41:28,460 --> 01:41:33,340
He claimed that there were no more
Chuschagasta Indigenous peoples.
1378
01:41:34,520 --> 01:41:39,780
That the lands were in the hands
of tramps and bandits.
1379
01:41:41,640 --> 01:41:46,840
So he ordered to call the Chuschagasta
to see if there were any left.
1380
01:41:47,340 --> 01:41:49,780
But none came forward.
1381
01:41:50,280 --> 01:41:55,960
According to this file,
no representative did.
1382
01:42:02,360 --> 01:42:04,280
We are a republic.
1383
01:42:04,960 --> 01:42:08,234
And since the moment we became a republic
1384
01:42:08,318 --> 01:42:11,001
the territories were delimited and marked.
1385
01:42:11,085 --> 01:42:12,833
We have a Land Registry,
1386
01:42:12,917 --> 01:42:15,966
so we must respect the institutions
1387
01:42:16,050 --> 01:42:18,760
and respect the records created.
1388
01:42:21,560 --> 01:42:24,094
When the period of independence began,
1389
01:42:24,178 --> 01:42:27,280
the Indigenous towns
became somewhat displaced
1390
01:42:27,364 --> 01:42:29,520
because individual property
started being consolidated.
1391
01:42:32,960 --> 01:42:35,960
You see deed papers and…
1392
01:42:36,044 --> 01:42:40,900
well, you think they legitimize the owner.
1393
01:42:43,040 --> 01:42:45,360
The Indigenous peoples didn't have them.
1394
01:42:47,373 --> 01:42:53,020
In that sense, the communities
were not protected by the documents.
1395
01:42:55,200 --> 01:42:57,720
That's what piques my interest.
1396
01:42:57,804 --> 01:43:00,180
The existence of the documents.
1397
01:43:00,960 --> 01:43:02,693
All those studies
on the Indigenous peoples
1398
01:43:02,777 --> 01:43:04,800
seem like fantasy to me.
1399
01:43:04,884 --> 01:43:06,334
And on the Indigenous language.
1400
01:43:06,418 --> 01:43:09,987
"Turns out this word is Kakán,
there's a Kakán lexicon…"
1401
01:43:10,071 --> 01:43:12,280
That depresses me greatly.
1402
01:43:15,173 --> 01:43:18,960
For a long time, nobody talked
about Indigenous communities.
1403
01:43:21,240 --> 01:43:24,300
And suddenly, they surfaced.
1404
01:43:25,280 --> 01:43:28,780
Now they are all demanding land,
1405
01:43:29,440 --> 01:43:32,333
quite violently, in some cases.
1406
01:43:32,833 --> 01:43:35,021
There are now some problems
with the Chuschagasta,
1407
01:43:35,105 --> 01:43:36,980
the chief who was killed…
1408
01:43:42,160 --> 01:43:49,100
How could they prove
their Indigenous community identity?
1409
01:43:50,660 --> 01:43:53,080
They no longer speak the language,
1410
01:43:53,164 --> 01:43:57,660
they don't have distinctive traits.
1411
01:43:59,100 --> 01:44:01,160
But we have to think
1412
01:44:01,244 --> 01:44:03,880
that even Indigenous peoples
couldn't keep their name.
1413
01:44:03,964 --> 01:44:06,000
Let that sink in.
1414
01:44:08,360 --> 01:44:09,740
One must write the truth.
1415
01:44:11,886 --> 01:44:12,973
So to speak.
1416
01:44:13,479 --> 01:44:14,980
What is the truth?
1417
01:44:17,146 --> 01:44:21,160
In the film The Devil's Disciple,
with Laurence Olivier,
1418
01:44:21,244 --> 01:44:24,813
at the end, they say:
"What will history say, General?"
1419
01:44:24,897 --> 01:44:29,260
So Laurence Olivier turns and says:
"History will lie, as it always has."
1420
01:44:36,720 --> 01:44:40,540
Cirilo, my father, told me
there was a peach tree there.
1421
01:44:41,213 --> 01:44:43,620
My grandfather was born there.
1422
01:44:44,733 --> 01:44:49,107
They were farmhands
who worked gathering the livestock,
1423
01:44:49,191 --> 01:44:55,093
either for sale, for branding,
to milk, to make cheese.
1424
01:44:55,177 --> 01:44:57,554
There, the gang of laborers,
as they were labeled,
1425
01:44:57,638 --> 01:44:59,380
did all the work.
1426
01:45:00,986 --> 01:45:02,380
They were Indigenous,
1427
01:45:03,133 --> 01:45:06,687
but their name was changed.
1428
01:45:06,771 --> 01:45:08,260
They called them "gang of laborers."
1429
01:45:09,040 --> 01:45:11,220
Then they called them "gauchos."
1430
01:45:13,553 --> 01:45:15,447
Everyone who wants a piece of the land
1431
01:45:15,531 --> 01:45:18,300
says that the Indigenous peoples
have all disappeared.
1432
01:45:19,680 --> 01:45:22,900
That they have all gone,
the Chuschagastas too.
1433
01:45:24,446 --> 01:45:27,327
They represented an obstacle
1434
01:45:27,411 --> 01:45:30,100
to them seizing the land, as always.
1435
01:45:56,040 --> 01:45:57,380
Your Honor,
1436
01:45:58,313 --> 01:45:59,380
can you hear me?
1437
01:46:02,520 --> 01:46:06,340
It's been 350 years
since the Chuschas have been here.
1438
01:46:07,767 --> 01:46:09,880
After the Calchaquí Wars,
1439
01:46:09,964 --> 01:46:13,220
they were forced by the king
to come to this valley
1440
01:46:14,293 --> 01:46:16,700
just like the Tolombón and the Colalao.
1441
01:46:18,560 --> 01:46:21,120
They were registered as "Chuchingasta,"
1442
01:46:21,204 --> 01:46:22,680
"Chachagasta,"
1443
01:46:22,764 --> 01:46:24,160
"Chuchagasti,"
1444
01:46:24,244 --> 01:46:25,680
"Chugasta,"
1445
01:46:25,764 --> 01:46:27,080
"Chuscas,"
1446
01:46:27,164 --> 01:46:28,260
"Chujcha."
1447
01:46:29,080 --> 01:46:30,660
Or sometimes just "Indians."
1448
01:46:33,480 --> 01:46:36,353
They raised oxen to replace cart animals
1449
01:46:36,859 --> 01:46:39,740
and livestock to feed caravaners.
1450
01:46:41,560 --> 01:46:45,860
Where Route 9 now runs,
the Royal Road once passed.
1451
01:46:47,160 --> 01:46:50,420
Along that road, carts traveled
to the silver mines of Potosí.
1452
01:46:55,160 --> 01:46:59,500
It has been said that the Chuschas
became extinct in 1807,
1453
01:47:00,440 --> 01:47:04,940
but in 1807 the Chuschas
were paying rent to a certain Alurralde.
1454
01:47:06,199 --> 01:47:08,660
They were charged
without the king's permission.
1455
01:47:11,040 --> 01:47:13,700
The Cabildo removed
the Alurralde family from there.
1456
01:47:15,360 --> 01:47:17,880
Their descendants,
whose last name was Colombres,
1457
01:47:17,964 --> 01:47:19,867
had been collecting documents:
1458
01:47:19,951 --> 01:47:23,860
testaments, land surveys,
land sales within families.
1459
01:47:24,920 --> 01:47:26,360
They made a clever move.
1460
01:47:26,444 --> 01:47:30,300
They claimed that an Alurralde
had bequeathed the estate to them.
1461
01:47:31,320 --> 01:47:33,660
They called it La Higuera Estate.
1462
01:47:34,713 --> 01:47:37,660
And they kept charging the Chuschas.
1463
01:47:40,540 --> 01:47:43,721
Records show cooks, laundresses,
farmhands worked there
1464
01:47:43,805 --> 01:47:49,780
under the surnames Balderrama, Mamani,
Cata, Vargas, Pistán, Chocobar.
1465
01:47:50,800 --> 01:47:52,780
No longer registered as "Chuschas."
1466
01:47:57,160 --> 01:48:00,780
The Colombres family
sold part of that land.
1467
01:48:01,406 --> 01:48:05,100
That's what the Amín family got in 1959.
1468
01:48:07,446 --> 01:48:10,607
The Chuschas wrote
to the Government of Tucumán
1469
01:48:10,691 --> 01:48:13,267
to have their land situation reviewed.
1470
01:48:16,200 --> 01:48:19,313
This alerted the Colombres.
1471
01:48:19,397 --> 01:48:21,220
They needed a document.
1472
01:48:23,272 --> 01:48:26,260
What did the Colombres show
as evidence in court?
1473
01:48:28,120 --> 01:48:31,667
The rent receipts they collected
from the Chuschas, Your Honor.
1474
01:48:33,560 --> 01:48:36,500
Behold,
the history of property in this valley.
1475
01:48:39,760 --> 01:48:42,540
Governor Juri expropriated the Colombres.
1476
01:48:43,600 --> 01:48:46,420
It seems like good news
for the Chuscha families.
1477
01:48:47,280 --> 01:48:48,460
But you'll see.
1478
01:48:51,320 --> 01:48:55,700
Colombres received a hefty payout
for the expropriation.
1479
01:48:56,840 --> 01:49:02,340
Amín and a neighbor, Critto,
move forward on the expropriated land.
1480
01:49:04,900 --> 01:49:09,786
A certain Araujo, public servant Chiarello
and her brother Dante
1481
01:49:09,870 --> 01:49:13,820
claimed they own the lands
of community member Salvador Cata.
1482
01:49:17,840 --> 01:49:22,740
Which national institution
cares about the legitimacy of property?
1483
01:49:27,380 --> 01:49:29,900
Some things are simply shameful,
Your Honor.
1484
01:49:30,793 --> 01:49:34,480
The accused and their main witnesses,
1485
01:49:34,564 --> 01:49:37,840
and all the alleged owners
of this territory
1486
01:49:37,924 --> 01:49:41,900
hold or have held positions
in the Government of Tucumán.
1487
01:49:42,720 --> 01:49:44,340
Except for the Chuschas.
1488
01:49:46,080 --> 01:49:49,160
The Chuschas have spent years
doing paperwork,
1489
01:49:49,244 --> 01:49:53,627
writing letters, waiting in hallways,
in front desks,
1490
01:49:53,711 --> 01:49:56,980
respecting the country's institutions
like no other.
1491
01:50:00,000 --> 01:50:03,001
The Republic has shown greater respect
for the colonial records
1492
01:50:03,085 --> 01:50:04,900
than for Argentine citizens.
1493
01:50:10,120 --> 01:50:12,020
Do you believe in God, Your Honor?
1494
01:50:14,560 --> 01:50:16,660
Is God seeing all of this?
1495
01:50:24,360 --> 01:50:25,620
Don't be afraid.
1496
01:50:26,440 --> 01:50:29,180
Don't be upset,
nothing bad will happen to you.
1497
01:50:31,360 --> 01:50:32,660
Don't be afraid.
1498
01:50:33,160 --> 01:50:36,114
Don't be afraid.
Nothing bad will happen to you.
1499
01:50:36,198 --> 01:50:37,454
You are with your mommy.
1500
01:50:41,120 --> 01:50:46,380
The movie depicted Christian characters,
1501
01:50:47,280 --> 01:50:51,540
and they suffered
under the rule of the Roman Empire.
1502
01:50:52,487 --> 01:50:55,700
-Ben-Hur?
-Ben-Hur, yes.
1503
01:50:57,720 --> 01:51:00,279
If we bring that to the present day,
1504
01:51:00,363 --> 01:51:02,586
the members of our communities
1505
01:51:02,670 --> 01:51:05,340
have endured a similar fate.
1506
01:51:06,920 --> 01:51:11,240
The life of a mule
was worth more than a human's
1507
01:51:11,880 --> 01:51:14,180
because they had to pay for the mule.
1508
01:51:17,960 --> 01:51:21,860
The movie showed
the true colors of the empire.
1509
01:51:23,480 --> 01:51:28,500
Many empires have fallen,
and other empires are rising.
1510
01:51:32,526 --> 01:51:36,140
That is the core meaning of the movie.
1511
01:51:37,880 --> 01:51:42,340
It awoke this feeling in me
in relation to us.
1512
01:51:47,706 --> 01:51:50,860
I own all those colors.
1513
01:51:52,800 --> 01:51:53,980
Don't be afraid.
1514
01:51:54,666 --> 01:51:57,420
I love them all. All of them.
1515
01:51:59,753 --> 01:52:01,013
Don't be afraid.
1516
01:52:01,660 --> 01:52:02,940
You are with mommy.
1517
01:52:23,840 --> 01:52:25,580
Present!
1518
01:52:26,227 --> 01:52:28,480
-Javier Chocobar!
-Is present!
1519
01:53:19,800 --> 01:53:23,560
EMERGENCY EXIT
1520
01:53:27,227 --> 01:53:30,340
By unanimous vote, the Court rules
1521
01:53:30,920 --> 01:53:33,400
to condemn Darío Luis Amín
1522
01:53:33,484 --> 01:53:35,920
for considering him the principal author
1523
01:53:36,004 --> 01:53:39,760
of the crime of aggravated homicide
by the use of a firearm,
1524
01:53:39,844 --> 01:53:43,720
sentencing him to serve
22 years in prison.
1525
01:53:43,804 --> 01:53:46,234
To sentence Luis Humberto Gómez,
1526
01:53:46,318 --> 01:53:49,640
secondary participant, to serve 18 years.
1527
01:53:50,726 --> 01:53:54,960
To sentence Eduardo José del Milagro
Valdivieso Sassi
1528
01:53:55,044 --> 01:53:56,660
to serve ten years in prison.
1529
01:53:57,260 --> 01:53:58,880
INFANTRY
1530
01:54:09,480 --> 01:54:13,347
Never give up on the people's fight!
1531
01:54:16,852 --> 01:54:18,560
Javier Chocobar!
1532
01:54:18,644 --> 01:54:22,560
-Justice for Javier Chocobar!
-Justice!
1533
01:54:22,644 --> 01:54:26,140
-Javier Chocobar!
-Present!
1534
01:54:26,224 --> 01:54:28,360
-Javier Chocobar!
-Present!
1535
01:54:28,444 --> 01:54:30,721
-Javier Chocobar!
-Present!
1536
01:54:30,805 --> 01:54:33,500
-Now!
-And forever!
1537
01:55:14,000 --> 01:55:17,420
Cinema? I think I have never been to one.
1538
01:55:21,640 --> 01:55:28,340
I've listened to the radio,
but only since 1963 or 1964.
1539
01:55:32,019 --> 01:55:34,439
And I only just started
watching TV recently.
1540
01:55:35,706 --> 01:55:37,540
A few years ago.
1541
01:55:53,640 --> 01:55:58,780
Surely our generations
will keep fighting with the hope
1542
01:55:59,360 --> 01:56:05,020
that many people are working
for the good of humanity.
1543
01:56:06,320 --> 01:56:10,260
This world would be so beautiful
1544
01:56:10,344 --> 01:56:12,860
if all of us could see
1545
01:56:13,406 --> 01:56:17,340
the wonder that we are as human beings.
1546
01:56:18,680 --> 01:56:23,260
When we sing, when we smile,
when we make music,
1547
01:56:24,040 --> 01:56:30,700
when we look into the eyes
of each wonderful person.
1548
01:56:32,800 --> 01:56:36,940
But it's so sad when someone
ravages, kills, destroys.
1549
01:56:37,793 --> 01:56:41,253
I believe that if they found
another planet in the universe
1550
01:56:41,337 --> 01:56:42,940
they would also tear it apart.
1551
01:56:55,440 --> 01:56:58,400
The convicts appealed the verdict.
1552
01:56:58,484 --> 01:57:02,960
Two years later, in 2020,
they were released.
1553
01:57:04,360 --> 01:57:10,520
Darío Amín passed away in 2021
due to COVID-19.
1554
01:57:11,660 --> 01:57:14,800
In 2025, the sentence was upheld.
1555
01:57:14,884 --> 01:57:20,280
Luis Humberto Gómez and Eduardo Valdivieso
returned to prison.
1556
01:57:21,400 --> 01:57:24,360
The Chuschagasta Indigenous Community
1557
01:57:24,444 --> 01:57:28,173
continues to demand
the restitution of their territory
1558
01:57:28,257 --> 01:57:29,794
from the Argentine State
1559
01:57:29,878 --> 01:57:34,720
and keeps the memory
of Javier Chocobar alive.
1560
01:59:18,000 --> 01:59:20,680
Dedicated to the Chuschagasta
Indigenous Community
1561
01:59:20,764 --> 01:59:23,207
and their current appointed leader,
Azucena Cata,
1562
01:59:23,291 --> 01:59:26,440
without whom this film
would not have been possible.